| Paratiroidni hormon |
PDB prikaz baziran na 1bwx. |
| Dostupne strukture |
| 1BWX, 1ET1, 1FVY, 1HPH, 1HPY, 1HTH, 1ZWA, 1ZWB, 1ZWD, 1ZWE, 1ZWF, 1ZWG, 2L1X, 3C4M |
| Identifikatori |
| Simboli |
PTH; PTH1 |
| Vanjski ID |
OMIM: 168450 MGI: 97799 HomoloGene: 266 GeneCards: PTH Gene |
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| Pregled RNK izražavanja |
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| podaci |
| Ortolozi |
| Vrsta |
Čovek |
Miš |
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| Entrez |
5741 |
19226 |
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| Ensembl |
ENSG00000152266 |
ENSMUSG00000059077 |
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| UniProt |
P01270 |
Q9Z0L6 |
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| RefSeq (mRNA) |
NM_000315.2 |
NM_020623.2 |
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| RefSeq (protein) |
NP_000306.1 |
NP_065648.1 |
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| Lokacija (UCSC) |
Chr 11:
13.51 - 13.52 Mb |
Chr 7:
120.53 - 120.53 Mb |
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| PubMed pretraga |
[1] |
[2] |
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Paratiroidni hormon (PTH, parathormon, paratirin) luče paratiroidne ćelije paraštitaste žlezde kao polipeptid koji sadrži 84 aminokiseline. On deluje tako što povišava koncentraciju kalcijuma (Ca2+) u krvi, dok kalcitonin (hormon koji proizvode parafolikularne ćelije (C ćelije) štitaste žlezde) snižava koncentracije kalcijuma.
PTH deluje tako što povišava koncentraciju kalcijuma u krivi. On se vezuje za receptor paratiroidnog hormona 1 (koji je prisutan u visokim nivoima u kostima i bubrezima) i za receptor paratiroidnog hormona 2 (koji je visoko izražen u centralnom nervnom sistemu, pankreasu, testisima, i posteljici).[1] PTH poluživot je aproksimativno 4 minuta.[2] On ima molekularnu masu od 9,4 kDa.[3]
Heliksna dimerna struktura hPTH-(1-34)
[4]
Struktura [уреди]
hPTH-(1-34) se kristalizuje kao neznatno povijeni, dugački heliksni dimer. Analiza je pokazala da je heliksna konformacija hPTH-(1-34) verovatno bioaktivna konformacija.[5] The N-terminal fragment 1-34 of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been crystallized and the structure has been refined to 0.9 Å resolution.
Stimulatori [уреди]
- Sniženi nivo serumskog [Ca2+].
- Blago povišenje novoa serumskog [Mg2+].
- Povišenje nivoa serumskog fosfata (povećanje koncentracije fosfata uzrokuje formiranje kalcijum fosfata, čime se redukuje stimulacija Ca-senzitivnih receptora (CaSr) koji ne reaguju na kalcijum fosfat, te dolazi do povišenja PTH nivoa)
Inhibitori [уреди]
Reference [уреди]
- ^ Fiziologija na MCG 5/5ch6/s5ch6_11
- ^ Bieglmayer C, Prager G, Niederle B (October 2002). „Kinetic analyses of parathyroid hormone clearance as measured by three rapid immunoassays during parathyroidectomy“. Clin. Chem. 48 (10): 1731–8. PMID 12324490.
- ^ Prahalad AK, Hickey RJ, Huang J, et al. (June 2006). „Serum proteome profiles identifies parathyroid hormone physiologic response“. Proteomics 6 (12): 3482–93. DOI:10.1002/pmic.200500929. PMID 16705755.
- ^ PDB 1ETE; Savvides SN, Boone T, Andrew Karplus P (June 2000). „Flt3 ligand structure and unexpected commonalities of helical bundles and cystine knots“. Nat Struct Biol. 7 (6): 486–491. DOI:10.1038/75896. PMID 10881197. ; rendered via PyMOL.
- ^ Jin L, Briggs SL, Chandrasekhar S, Chirgadze NY, Clawson DK, Schevitz RW, Smiley DL, Tashjian AH, Zhang F (September 2000). „Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 at 0.9-A resolution“. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (35): 27238–44. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M001134200. PMID 10837469.
- ^ Costanzo, Linda S. (2007). BRS Physiology. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. стр. 260. ISBN 978-0-7817-7311-9.
Literatura [уреди]
- Drüeke TB, Massy ZA (2003). „Advanced oxidation protein products, parathyroid hormone and vascular calcification in uremia“. Blood Purif. 20 (5): 494–7. DOI:10.1159/000065203. PMID 12207101.
- Parfitt AM (2003). „Parathyroid hormone and periosteal bone expansion“. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17 (10): 1741–3. DOI:10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.10.1741. PMID 12369776.
- Martin TJ (2004). „Does bone resorption inhibition affect the anabolic response to parathyroid hormone?“. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 15 (2): 49–50. DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2004.01.002. PMID 15080150.
- Keutmann HT, Sauer MM, Hendy GN, et al. (1979). „Complete amino acid sequence of human parathyroid hormone“. Biochemistry 17 (26): 5723–9. DOI:10.1021/bi00619a019. PMID 728431.
- Keutmann HT, Niall HD, O'Riordan JL, Potts JT (1975). „A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone“. Biochemistry 14 (9): 1842–7. DOI:10.1021/bi00680a006. PMID 1125201.
- Parkinson DB, Thakker RV (1993). „A donor splice site mutation in the parathyroid hormone gene is associated with autosomal recessive hypoparathyroidism“. Nat. Genet. 1 (2): 149–52. DOI:10.1038/ng0592-149. PMID 1302009.
- Handt O, Reis A, Schmidtke J (1993). „Ectopic transcription of the parathyroid hormone gene in lymphocytes, lymphoblastoid cells and tumour tissue“. J. Endocrinol. 135 (2): 249–56. DOI:10.1677/joe.0.1350249. PMID 1474331.
- Tonoki H, Narahara K, Matsumoto T, Niikawa N (1991). „Regional mapping of the parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) by cytogenetic and molecular studies“. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 56 (2): 103–4. DOI:10.1159/000133059. PMID 1672845.
- Marx UC, Adermann K, Bayer P, et al. (1998). „Structure-activity relation of NH2-terminal human parathyroid hormone fragments.“. J Biol Chem. 273 (8): 4308–16. DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.8.4308. PMID 9468478.
- Arnold A, Horst SA, Gardella TJ, et al. (1990). „Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism“. J. Clin. Invest. 86 (4): 1084–7. DOI:10.1172/JCI114811. PMC 296835. PMID 2212001.
- Nussbaum SR, Gaz RD, Arnold A (1990). „Hypercalcemia and ectopic secretion of parathyroid hormone by an ovarian carcinoma with rearrangement of the gene for parathyroid hormone“. N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (19): 1324–8. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199011083231907. PMID 2215618.
- Ahn TG, Antonarakis SE, Kronenberg HM, et al. (1986). „Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism: a molecular genetic analysis of 8 families with 23 affected persons“. Medicine (Baltimore) 65 (2): 73–81. PMID 3005800.
- Tregear GW, van Rietschoten J, Greene E, et al. (1975). „Solid-phase synthesis of the biologically active N-terminal 1 - 34 peptide of human parathyroid hormone“. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 355 (4): 415–21. PMID 4474131.
- Niall HD, Sauer RT, Jacobs JW, et al. (1974). „The Amino-Acid Sequence of the Amino-Terminal 37 Residues of Human Parathyroid Hormone“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 (2): 384–8. DOI:10.1073/pnas.71.2.384. PMC 388010. PMID 4521809.
- Andreatta RH, Hartmann A, Jöhl A, et al. (1973). „[Synthesis of sequence 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone]“. Helv. Chim. Acta 56 (1): 470–3. DOI:10.1002/hlca.19730560139. PMID 4721748.
- Jacobs JW, Kemper B, Niall HD, et al. (1974). „Structural analysis of human proparathyroid hormone by a new microsequencing approach“. Nature 249 (453): 155–7. DOI:10.1038/249155a0. PMID 4833516.
- Vasicek TJ, McDevitt BE, Freeman MW, et al. (1983). „Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (8): 2127–31. DOI:10.1073/pnas.80.8.2127. PMC 393770. PMID 6220408.
- Mayer H, Breyel E, Bostock C, Schmidtke J (1983). „Assignment of the human parathyroid hormone gene to chromosome 11“. Hum. Genet. 64 (3): 283–5. DOI:10.1007/BF00279412. PMID 6885073.
- Hendy GN, Kronenberg HM, Potts JT, Rich A (1982). „Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone“. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78 (12): 7365–9. DOI:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7365. PMC 349267. PMID 6950381.
- Hendy GN, Bennett HP, Gibbs BF, et al. (1995). „Proparathyroid hormone is preferentially cleaved to parathyroid hormone by the prohormone convertase furin. A mass spectrometric study“. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (16): 9517–25. DOI:10.1074/jbc.270.16.9517. PMID 7721880.
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PDB Galerija |
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1bwx: Rešenje strukture ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 1-39, NMR, 10 struktura
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1et1: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormona 1-34 pri 0.9 A rezolucija
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1fvy: Kristalna struktura osteogenog 1-31 fragmenta ljudskog paratiroidnog hormona
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1hph: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormona 1-37 u rastvoru
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1hpy: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 1-34 u 20% trifuloroetanolu, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwa: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 1-34, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwb: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 2-37, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwc: Kristalna struktura goveđeg paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 1-37, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwd: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 3-37, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwe: Kristalna struktura ljudskog paratiroidnog hormonskog fragmenta 4-37, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwf: Kristalna struktura N-terminalno acetilisanog ljudskog paratiroidnog hormona, NMR, 10 struktura
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1zwg: Sukcinilni ljudski paratiroidni hormon 4-37, NMR, 10 struktura
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