Crvena ribizla — разлика између измена

Crvena ribizla, crvena i bela, sirova
Nutritivna vrednost na 100 g (3,5 oz)
Energija	234 kJ (56 kcal)
Ugljeni hidrati	13,8 g
Šećeri	7,37 g
Prehrambena vlakna	4,3 g
Masti	0,2 g
Proteini	1,4 g
Vitamini
Tiamin (B1)	(3%) 0,04 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	(4%) 0,05 mg
Niacin (B3)	(1%) 0,1 mg
Vitamin B5	(1%) 0,064 mg
Vitamin B6	(5%) 0,07 mg
Folat (B9)	(2%) 8 μg
Holin	(2%) 7,6 mg
Vitamin C	(49%) 41 mg
Vitamin E	(1%) 0,1 mg
Vitamin K	(10%) 11 μg
Minerali
Kalcijum	(3%) 33 mg
Gvožđe	(8%) 1 mg
Magnezijum	(4%) 13 mg
Mangan	(9%) 0,186 mg
Fosfor	(6%) 44 mg
Kalijum	(6%) 275 mg
Natrijum	(0%) 1 mg
Cink	(2%) 0,23 mg
	Ministarstvo poljoprivrede Sjedinjenih Država
	Jedinice; μg = mikrogrami • mg = miligrami; IU = internacionalne jedinice;
	Procenti su grube procene zasnovane na američkim preporukama za odrasle. ; Izvor: NDb USDA

Crvena ribizla
	Kultivirana crvena ribizla
Naučna klasifikacija
Carstvo:	Plantae
Kladus:	Tracheophytes
Kladus:	Angiospermae
Kladus:	Eudicotidae
Red:	Saxifragales
Porodica:	Grossulariaceae
Rod:	Ribes
Vrsta:	R. rubrum
Binomno ime
	Ribes rubrum; L. 1753 not Torr. & A. Gray 1840 nor Hook. f. & Thomson 1858
Sinonimi
	Spisak Grossularia rubra (L.) Scop. ; Ribes rubrum var. scandicum Jancz. ; Ribes rubrum var. sylvestre DC. ex Berland. ; Ribes spicatum subsp. scandicum Hyl. ; Ribes sylvestre (Lam.) Mert. & Koch ; Ribes vulgare Lam. ; Ribes vulgare var. sylvestre Lam. ; Ribesium rubrum Medik. ; Ribes triste var. alaskanum Berger ;

Интерактиван преглед историје

← Старија измена Новија измена →

Садржај обрисан Садржај додат

ВизуелноВикитекст

Инлајн

Верзија на датум 21. мај 2023. у 01:59

Crvena ribizla (Ribes rubrum) je član roda Ribes u familiji ogrozda. Ona vodi poreklo iz Evrope.^[2]^[3] Vrste su široko kultivisane a odbegle su i u divljinu u mnogim regijama.^[4]^[5]

Ribes rubrum je listopadni žbun koji normalno raste do 1—15 m (3—49 ft) visine, ponekad i do 2 m (7 ft), sa petokrakim listovima spiralno uređenim na stabljici. Cvetovi su neupadljivo žuto-zeleni, u klatnu 4—8 cm (1 ¹⁄₂—3 ¹⁄₄ in) grozda, koji sazrevaju u svetlo crvene prozirne jestive bobice sa 8—12 mm (0,31—0,47 in) u prečniku, sa 3–10 bobica u svakom grozdu. Jedan uspostavljeni grm može da proizvede 3—4 kg (7—9 lb) bobica od sredine do kraja leta.^[5]

Kultivacija

Postoji još nekoliko sličnih vrsta koje su poreklom iz u Evrope, Azije i Severne Amerike, koje su takođe jestivo voće. Time su obuhvaćeni Ribes spicatum (severna Evropa i severna Azija), Ribes alpinum (severna Evropa), R. schlechtendalii (severoistočna Evropa), R. multiflorum (jugoistočna Evropa), R. petraeum (jugozapadna Evropa) i R. triste (Severna Amerika; Njufaundland do Aljaske i južno u planinama).

Dok su Ribes rubrum i R. nigrum poreklom iz severne i istočne Evrope, krupni kultivari crvene ribizle prvi put su proizvedeni u Belgiji i severnoj Francuskoj u 17. veku. U moderno doba odabrani su brojni kultivari; neki od njih su odbegli iz vrtova i mogu se naći u divljini širom Evrope i šire se u Aziju.^[6]

Bela ribizla je isto tako kultivar Ribes rubrum.^[7] Mada je to slađa i albino varijanta crvene ribizle, a ne zasebna botanička vrsta, ona se pokekad prodaje pod imenima kao što su Ribes sativum ili Ribes silvestre, ili je u prodaji kao različito voće.

Grmovi ribizle preferiraju delimičnu do potpune sunčanosti, i mogu da rastu na većini vrsta tla.^[7] To su biljke koje zahtevaju relativno malo održavanja i mogu se koristiti kao ukras.

Kultivari

Mnogi kultivari crvene i bele ribizle su dostupni za uzgoj od specijalizovanih uzgajivača. Sledeći su dobili Nagradu za baštenske zasluge Kraljevskog hortikulturnog društva:^[8]

‘Džonkir van Tets’^[9]
‘Crveno jezero’^[10]
‘Stanca’^[11]
’Beli grozd’^[12] (bela ribizla)

Kulinarska upotreba

Sa zrelošću, pikantan ukus voća crvenе ribizlе postaje nešto veći od njegovog srodnika crne ribizle, mada sa približno istom slatkoćom. Varijanta sa belim plodovima, koja se često naziva i bela ribizla, ima isti ukus, ali je slađa. Iako se često uzgaja za džemove i kuvana jela, slično beloj ribizli, često se poslužuje sirovo ili kao jednostavan dodatak u salatama, garnišima, ili sezonskim pićima.

U Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, crvena ribizla je začin koji se često služi uz jagnjetinu, divljač, uključujući jelensko meso, ćuretinu i guščetinu u prazničnom ili nedeljnom pečenju. To je u osnovi džem i pravi se na isti način dodavanjem crvene ribezle u šećer, i ključanjem.^[13]

U Francuskoj se priprema visoko razređeni i ručno izrađena Bar-le-dik ili Lorenski žele, koji je namazani preparat koji se tradicionalno pravi od bele ribizle ili alternativno crvene ribizle.^[14] Semenke se ručno vade s gusjim perom, pre kuvanja.

U Skandinaviji i Šlezvig-Holštajnu često se koristi u voćnim supama i letnjim pudinzima. U Nemačkoj se takođe koristi u kombinaciji sa kremom ili melanžom kao nadev za pogačice. U Lincu u Austriji se najčešće koristi kao punjenje za Lincer torte.^[15] Može se konzumirati u svom svežem stanju bez dodavanja šećera.^[16]

In Linz, Austria, it is the most commonly used filling for the Linzer torte.^[14]^[17] It can be enjoyed in its fresh state without the addition of sugar.

In German-speaking areas, syrup or nectar derived from the redcurrant is added to soda water and enjoyed as a refreshing drink named Johannisbeerschorle.^[14] It is so named because the redcurrants (Johannisbeeren, "John's berry" in German) are said to ripen first on St. John's Day, also known as Midsummer Day, June 24.

In Russia, redcurrants are ubiquitous and used in jams, preserves, compotes and desserts. It is also used to make kissel, a sweet healthy drink made from fresh berries or fruits (such as red currants, cherries, cranberries).^[18] The leaves have many uses in traditional medicine, such as making an infusion with black tea.^[19] Also the plants were cultivated in Russian monastery gardens in the 11th century.^[20]

Ishrana i fitohemikalije

U posluženju od 100 grama, crvene ribizle (ili bele) pružaju 56 kalorija i bogat su izvor vitamina C, dajući 49% dnevne vrednosti (DV u tabeli). Vitamin K je jedini drugi esencijalni nutrijent sa znatnim sadržajem od 10% DV (tabela).

Fitohemikalije

Plodovi crvene ribizle poznati su po pikantnom ukusu, što je karakteristika koju pruža relativno visok sadržaj organskih kiselina i mešovitih polifenola.^[21] Čak 65 različitih fenolnih jedinjenja mogu doprineti adstrigentnim svojstvima crvene ribezle, pri čemu se ovi sadržaji povećavaju tokom poslednjeg meseca zrenja.^[22] Dvadeset i pet pojedinačnih polifenola i drugih fitokemikalija koje sadrže azot sa adstrigentnim profilom ukusa izolovano je iz soka crvene ribizle.^[23]

Vidi još

Reference

^ „Ribes rubrum”. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew — преко The Plant List.
^ Brennan, Rex M. (1996). „Currants and Gooseberries”. Ур.: Jules Janick; James N. Moore. Fruit Breeding. Vol. II - Vine and Small Fruits. John Wiley & Sons. стр. 196. ISBN 0471126756.
^ „Ribes rubrum L.”. Altervista Flora Italiana; includes photos and European distribution map.
^ Morin, Nancy R. (2009). „Ribes rubrum”. Ур.: Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 8. New York and Oxford — преко eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ ^а ^б Lu, Lingdi; Alexander, Crinan. „Ribes rubrum”. Flora of China — преко eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^ Verlag, Orbis "Orbis Naturführer", 2000,
^ ^а ^б „REDCURRANT (Ribes rubrum) and Whitecurrant & Pinkcurrant”. Grow Your Own. Архивирано из оригинала 04. 03. 2016. г. Приступљено 28. 8. 2009.
^ „AGM Plants - Crops” (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. jul 2017. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.
^ „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Jonkheer van Tets’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.
^ „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Red Lake’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.
^ „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Stanza’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.
^ „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘White Grape’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.
^ „Homemade Redcurrant Jelly recipe”. www.cookitsimply.com. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 04. 2015. г. Приступљено 25. 08. 2019.
^ ^а ^б ^в T. K. Lim Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 4, Fruits , стр. 44, на сајту Гугл књиге
^ Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", Lonely Planet - Austria p. 207
^ Heather Arndt Anderson Berries: A Global History (2018), стр. 86, на сајту Гугл књиге
^ Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", Lonely Planet - Austria p. 207
^ „Kisel – Russian sweet drink”. milkandbun (на језику: енглески). 2. 8. 2015. Приступљено 29. 3. 2020.
^ Thomas Andrew A cyclopedia of domestic medicine and surgery (1842), стр. 135, на сајту Гугл књиге
^ O’Keefe, Liz (21. 7. 2016). „Currants: black, then red now it's white all over”. www.producebusinessuk.com. Приступљено 29. 3. 2020.
^ Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; Schmitzer, V.; Slatnar, A.; Stampar, F.; Veberic, R. (2012). „Composition of sugars, organic acids, and total phenolics in 25 wild or cultivated berry species”. J Food Sci. 77 (10): 1064—70. PMID 22924969. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02896.x.
^ Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; et al. (2015). „Changes in fruit quality parameters of four Ribes species during ripening”. Food Chem. 173: 363—74. PMID 25466034. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.011.
^ Schwarz, B.; Hofmann, T. (2007). „Sensory-guided decomposition of red currant juice (Ribes rubrum) and structure determination of key astringent compounds”. J Agric Food Chem. 55 (4): 1394—1404. PMID 17261016. doi:10.1021/jf0629078.

Literatura

Brennan, Rex M. (1996). „Currants and Gooseberries”. Ур.: Janick, Jules; Moore, James N. Fruit Breeding. II: Vine and small fruits. Wiley. стр. 191—298. ISBN 978-0-471-12670-6.
Brennan, Rex M. (2008). „Currants and gooseberries” (PDF). Ур.: Janick, Jules; Paull, Robert E. The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts. CABI. ISBN 978-0-85199-638-7.
Brennan, R. M. (2008). „Currants and Gooseberries”. Ур.: Hancock, Jim F. Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Springer Science & Business Media. стр. 177—196. ISBN 978-1-4020-6907-9. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6907-9_6.
Brennan, R M; et al. (2014). „Berries: Currants and gooseberries”. Ур.: Dixon, Geoffrey R.; Aldous, David E. Horticulture: Plants for People and Places, Volume 1: Production Horticulture. Springer. стр. 313—317. ISBN 978-94-017-8578-5.
Byng, James W. (2014). „Saxifragales”. The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world. Plant Gateway Ltd. стр. 156—166. ISBN 978-0-9929993-1-5.
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Fay, Michael F.; Chase, Mark W. (2017). „Saxifragales”. Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants. University of Chicago Press. стр. 231—244. ISBN 978-0-226-52292-0.
Kubitzki, Klaus, ур. (2007). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IX. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32219-1.
Weigend, M (2007). Grossulariaaceae. стр. 168—176. , in Kubitzki (2007)
Messinger, Wes (1995). Molecular Systematic Studies in the Genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) (Теза). Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (2016). „An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV”. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1—20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385 .
Berger, A (1924). „A taxonomic review of currants and gooseberries”. Bulletin of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station (109): 1—118.
Christenhusz, Maarten JM; Byng, J. W. (2016). „The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase”. Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201—217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 .
Hummer, Kim E.; Barney, Danny L. (2002). „Crop Reports: Currants” (PDF). HortTechnology. 12 (3): 377—387. doi:10.21273/HORTTECH.12.3.377 .
Janczewski, Edward (1907). „Monographies des groseilliers, Ribes L.”. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. 35: 199—517.
Messinger, Wes; Hummer, Kim; Liston, Aaron (1999). „Ribes (Grossulariaceae) phylogeny as indicated by restriction-site polymorphisms of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA”. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 217 (3–4): 185—195. JSTOR 23643670. S2CID 20696263. doi:10.1007/BF00984364.
Schultheis, Lisa M.; Donoghue, Michael J. (1. 1. 2004). „Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ribes (Grossulariaceae), with an Emphasis on Gooseberries (subg. Grossularia)” (PDF). Systematic Botany. 29 (1): 77—96. S2CID 85938994. doi:10.1600/036364404772974239.
Senters, Anne E.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2003). „Phylogenetic Relationships in Ribes (Grossulariaceae) Inferred from ITS Sequence Data”. Taxon. 52 (1): 51—66. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 3647301. doi:10.2307/3647301.
Sinnott, Quinn P. (1985). „A revision of Ribes L. subg. Grossularia (Mill.) Pers. sect. Grossularia (Mill.) Nutt. (Grossulariaceae) in North America”. Rhodora. 87 (850): 189–286. ISSN 0035-4902. JSTOR 23314591.
Weigend, Maximilian; Mohr, Oliver; Motley, Timothy J. (1. 8. 2002). „Phylogeny and classification of the genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) based on 5S-NTS sequences and morphological and anatomical data”. Botanische Jahrbücher. 124 (2): 163—182. doi:10.1127/0006-8152/2002/0124-0163.
Morin, Nancy R (2008). „Ribes Linnaeus”. Flora of North America vol. 8. New York: Oxford University Press. стр. 8, 9, 10, 44. Приступљено 12. 11. 2019.
„Currant”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески) (11 изд.). 1911.
„Introduction to blackcurrant”. FruitGateway. Aberdeen: The James Hutton Institute.
Entry on Ribes at Mark Rieger's UGa fruit crops site

Spoljašnje veze

Mediji vezani za članak Ribes rubrum na Vikimedijinoj ostavi

[1] „Ribes rubrum”. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew — преко The Plant List.

[2] Brennan, Rex M. (1996). „Currants and Gooseberries”. Ур.: Jules Janick; James N. Moore. Fruit Breeding. Vol. II - Vine and Small Fruits. John Wiley & Sons. стр. 196. ISBN 0471126756.

[3] „Ribes rubrum L.”. Altervista Flora Italiana; includes photos and European distribution map.

[4] Morin, Nancy R. (2009). „Ribes rubrum”. Ур.: Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 8. New York and Oxford — преко eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[s-5] а ^б Lu, Lingdi; Alexander, Crinan. „Ribes rubrum”. Flora of China — преко eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

[6] Verlag, Orbis "Orbis Naturführer", 2000,

[growredcurrant-7] а ^б „REDCURRANT (Ribes rubrum) and Whitecurrant & Pinkcurrant”. Grow Your Own. Архивирано из оригинала 04. 03. 2016. г. Приступљено 28. 8. 2009.

[8] „AGM Plants - Crops” (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. jul 2017. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.

[9] „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Jonkheer van Tets’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.

[10] „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Red Lake’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.

[11] „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘Stanza’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.

[12] „RHS Plantfinder - Ribes rubrum ‘White Grape’”. Приступљено 9. 10. 2018.

[13] „Homemade Redcurrant Jelly recipe”. www.cookitsimply.com. Архивирано из оригинала 13. 04. 2015. г. Приступљено 25. 08. 2019.

[Lim-14] а ^б ^в T. K. Lim Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 4, Fruits , стр. 44, на сајту Гугл књиге

[15] Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", Lonely Planet - Austria p. 207

[16] Heather Arndt Anderson Berries: A Global History (2018), стр. 86, на сајту Гугл књиге

[17] Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", Lonely Planet - Austria p. 207

[18] „Kisel – Russian sweet drink”. milkandbun (на језику: енглески). 2. 8. 2015. Приступљено 29. 3. 2020.

[19] Thomas Andrew A cyclopedia of domestic medicine and surgery (1842), стр. 135, на сајту Гугл књиге

[20] O’Keefe, Liz (21. 7. 2016). „Currants: black, then red now it's white all over”. www.producebusinessuk.com. Приступљено 29. 3. 2020.

[21] Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; Schmitzer, V.; Slatnar, A.; Stampar, F.; Veberic, R. (2012). „Composition of sugars, organic acids, and total phenolics in 25 wild or cultivated berry species”. J Food Sci. 77 (10): 1064—70. PMID 22924969. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02896.x.

[22] Mikulic-Petkovsek, M.; et al. (2015). „Changes in fruit quality parameters of four Ribes species during ripening”. Food Chem. 173: 363—74. PMID 25466034. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.011.

[23] Schwarz, B.; Hofmann, T. (2007). „Sensory-guided decomposition of red currant juice (Ribes rubrum) and structure determination of key astringent compounds”. J Agric Food Chem. 55 (4): 1394—1404. PMID 17261016. doi:10.1021/jf0629078.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

@@ Ред 58: / Ред 58: @@
 U Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, crvena ribizla je [[Condiment|začin]] koji se često služi uz [[Lamb and mutton|jagnjetinu]], divljač, uključujući jelensko meso, ćuretinu i guščetinu u prazničnom ili [[Sunday roast|nedeljnom]] pečenju. To je u osnovi [[džem]] i pravi se na isti način dodavanjem crvene ribezle u šećer, i ključanjem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cookitsimply.com/recipe-0010-032y88.html|title=Homemade Redcurrant Jelly recipe|publisher=www.cookitsimply.com|access-date=25. 08. 2019|archive-date=13. 04. 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413134707/http://www.cookitsimply.com/recipe-0010-032y88.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-U Francuskoj se priprema visoko razređeni i ručno izrađena [[Bar-le-duc jelly|Bar-le-dik]] ili Lorenski žele, koji je namazani preparat koji se tradicionalno pravi od bele ribizle ili alternativno crvene ribizle. Semenke se ručno vade s gusjim perom, pre kuvanja.
+U Francuskoj se priprema visoko razređeni i ručno izrađena [[Bar-le-duc jelly|Bar-le-dik]] ili Lorenski žele, koji je namazani preparat koji se tradicionalno pravi od bele ribizle ili alternativno crvene ribizle.<ref name=Lim>T. K. Lim {{google books|c4KuB3iGmbwC|Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 4, Fruits |page=44}}</ref> Semenke se ručno vade s gusjim perom, pre kuvanja.
-U Skandinaviji i [[Šlezvig-Holštajn]]u često se koristi u voćnim [[supa]]ma i [[summer pudding|letnjim pudinzima]]. U Nemačkoj se takođe koristi u kombinaciji sa [[Custard|kremom]] ili [[meringue|melanžom]] kao nadev za pogačice. U [[Linc]]u u [[Austrija|Austriji]] se najčešće koristi kao punjenje za [[Линцер торта|Lincer torte]].<ref>Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", ''Lonely Planet - Austria'' p. 207</ref> Može se konzumirati u svom svežem stanju bez dodavanja šećera.
+U Skandinaviji i [[Šlezvig-Holštajn]]u često se koristi u voćnim [[supa]]ma i [[summer pudding|letnjim pudinzima]]. U Nemačkoj se takođe koristi u kombinaciji sa [[Custard|kremom]] ili [[meringue|melanžom]] kao nadev za pogačice. U [[Linc]]u u [[Austrija|Austriji]] se najčešće koristi kao punjenje za [[Линцер торта|Lincer torte]].<ref>Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", ''Lonely Planet - Austria'' p. 207</ref> Može se konzumirati u svom svežem stanju bez dodavanja šećera.<ref>Heather Arndt Anderson {{google books|I_BfDwAAQBAJ|Berries: A Global History (2018)|page=86}}</ref>
+{{rut}}
+In [[Linz, Austria]], it is the most commonly used filling for the [[Linzer torte]].<ref name=Lim/><ref>Haywood, A and Walker, K "Upper Austria - Linz", ''Lonely Planet - Austria'' p. 207</ref> It can be enjoyed in its fresh state without the addition of sugar.
+In German-speaking areas, syrup or nectar derived from the redcurrant is added to soda water and enjoyed as a refreshing drink named ''Johannisbeerschorle''.<ref name=Lim/> It is so named because the redcurrants (''Johannisbeeren'', "John's berry" in German) are said to ripen first on [[Nativity of St. John the Baptist#Celebration|St. John's Day]], also known as [[Midsummer Day#Germany|Midsummer Day]], June 24.
+In [[Russia]], redcurrants are ubiquitous and used in jams, preserves, compotes and desserts. It is also used to make [[kissel]], a sweet healthy drink made from fresh berries or fruits (such as red currants, [[cherries]], [[Cranberry|cranberries]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Kisel – Russian sweet drink |url=https://milkandbun.com/2015/08/02/kisel-russian-sweet-drink/ |website=milkandbun |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=en |date=2 August 2015}}</ref> The leaves have many uses in traditional medicine, such as making an [[infusion]] with [[black tea]].<ref>Thomas Andrew {{google books|SG-AfOUde4AC|A cyclopedia of domestic medicine and surgery (1842)|page=135}}</ref> Also the plants were cultivated in Russian [[monastery garden]]s in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite web |last1=O’Keefe |first1=Liz |title=Currants: black, then red now it's white all over |url=https://www.producebusinessuk.com/purchasing/stories/2016/07/21/currants-black-then-red-now-it-s-white-all-over |website=www.producebusinessuk.com |access-date=29 March 2020 |date=21 July 2016}}</ref>
 == Ishrana i fitohemikalije ==
@@ Ред 105: / Ред 111: @@
 == Reference ==
 {{Reflist|}}
+== Literatura ==
+{{Refbegin|30em}}
+* {{cite book|editor-last1=Janick|editor-first1=Jules|editor-last2=Moore|editor-first2=James N.|last=Brennan|first=Rex M.|title=Fruit Breeding. II: Vine and small fruits|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXMckUtHLV8C|date=1996|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|chapter=Currants and Gooseberries|pages=191–298|isbn=978-0-471-12670-6}}
+* {{cite book|editor-last1=Janick|editor-first1=Jules|editor-last2=Paull|editor-first2=Robert E.|title=The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cjHCoMQNkcgC|year=2008|publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International|CABI]]|last=Brennan|first=Rex M.|chapter=Currants and gooseberries|chapter-url=http://archive.northsearegion.eu/files/repository/20131121174401_UK-Enclosure44.pdf|isbn=978-0-85199-638-7}}
+* {{cite book|editor-last=Hancock|editor-first=Jim F.|title=Temperate Fruit Crop Breeding: Germplasm to Genomics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=322hHeocPa0C|last=Brennan|first=R. M.|chapter=Currants and Gooseberries|pages=177–196|date=2008|publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]]|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-6907-9_6|isbn=978-1-4020-6907-9}}
+* {{cite book|editor-last1=Dixon|editor-first1=Geoffrey R.|editor-last2=Aldous|editor-first2=David E.|last=Brennan|first=R M|display-authors=etal|chapter=Berries: Currants and gooseberries|pages=313–317|title=Horticulture: Plants for People and Places, Volume 1: Production Horticulture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6nIAwAAQBAJ|date=2014|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|isbn=978-94-017-8578-5}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Byng|first1=James W.|author-link=James W. Byng|title=The Flowering Plants Handbook: A practical guide to families and genera of the world|date=2014|publisher=Plant Gateway Ltd.|isbn=978-0-9929993-1-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoLaBAAAQBAJ|chapter=Saxifragales|pages=156–166}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten J. M.|last2=Fay|first2=Michael F.|last3=Chase|first3=Mark W.|author-link1=Maarten Christenhusz|author-link2=Michael F. Fay|author-link3=Mark W. Chase|title=Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLo7DwAAQBAJ|date=2017|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-52292-0|chapter=Saxifragales|pages=231–244|ref={{harvid|Christenhusz et al|2017}}}}
+* {{cite book |editor-first=Klaus |editor-last=Kubitzki |editor-link=Klaus Kubitzki |title=Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdSL7jBNX9EC |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |volume=IX |isbn=978-3-540-32219-1 }}
+* {{cite book |first=M |last=Weigend |title=Grossulariaaceae |pages=168–176|date=2007}}, in {{harvtxt|Kubitzki|2007}}
+* {{cite thesis |last1=Messinger |first1=Wes |title=Molecular Systematic Studies in the Genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) |url=https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/2j62s722h|date=1995 |publisher=Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, [[Oregon State University]]}}
+* {{Cite journal |author=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV|author-link=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group|year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385|ref={{harvid|APG IV|2016}} |doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Berger |first1=A |title=A taxonomic review of currants and gooseberries |journal=Bulletin of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station |date=1924 |issue=109 |pages=1–118}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Christenhusz|first1=Maarten JM|last2=Byng|first2=J. W. |author-link1=Maarten Christenhusz|author-link2=James W. Byng |year=2016 |title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase |journal=[[Phytotaxa]] |volume=261 |pages=201–217 |url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 |issue=3 |publisher=Magnolia Press |doi-access=free}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Hummer |first1=Kim E. |last2=Barney |first2=Danny L. |title=Crop Reports: Currants |journal=HortTechnology |date= 2002 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=377–387 |doi=10.21273/HORTTECH.12.3.377 |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/2674/w.2002.hummer.barney.hortechnology.2002.12.377.pdf|doi-access=free }}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Janczewski |first1=Edward |author-link=Edward Janczewski|title=Monographies des groseilliers, Ribes L. |journal=Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève |date=1907 |volume=35 |pages=199–517}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Messinger |first1=Wes |last2=Hummer |first2=Kim |last3=Liston |first3=Aaron |title=Ribes (Grossulariaceae) phylogeny as indicated by restriction-site polymorphisms of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA |journal=[[Plant Systematics and Evolution]] |date=1999 |volume=217 |issue=3–4 |pages=185–195 |doi=10.1007/BF00984364|jstor=23643670|s2cid=20696263 |ref={{harvid|Messinger et al|1999}}}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Schultheis |first1=Lisa M. |last2=Donoghue |first2=Michael J. |title=Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Ribes (Grossulariaceae), with an Emphasis on Gooseberries (subg. Grossularia) |url=http://phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2004/134_Schultheis_SystBot04.pdf|journal=[[Systematic Botany]] |date=1 January 2004 |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=77–96 |doi=10.1600/036364404772974239|s2cid=85938994 }}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Senters |first1=Anne E. |last2=Soltis |first2=Douglas E. |author-link2=Douglas Soltis|title=Phylogenetic Relationships in Ribes (Grossulariaceae) Inferred from ITS Sequence Data |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |date=2003 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=51–66 |doi=10.2307/3647301 |jstor=3647301 |issn=0040-0262}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Sinnott |first1=Quinn P. |title=A revision of Ribes L. subg. Grossularia (Mill.) Pers. sect. Grossularia (Mill.) Nutt. (Grossulariaceae) in North America |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488241|journal=[[Rhodora (journal)|Rhodora]] |date=1985 |volume=87 |issue=850 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488241/page/n191 189]–286 |jstor=23314591 |issn=0035-4902}}
+* {{cite journal |last1=Weigend |first1=Maximilian |last2=Mohr |first2=Oliver |last3=Motley |first3=Timothy J. |title=Phylogeny and classification of the genus ''Ribes'' (Grossulariaceae) based on 5S-NTS sequences and morphological and anatomical data |journal=[[Botanische Jahrbücher]] |date=1 August 2002 |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=163–182 |doi=10.1127/0006-8152/2002/0124-0163|ref={{harvid|Weigend et al|2002}}}}
+* {{cite web|last=Morin|first=Nancy R|website=[[Flora of North America]] vol. 8|title=Ribes Linnaeus|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=128544|year=2008|access-date=12 November 2019|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=New York|pages=8, 9, 10, 44}}
+* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Currant|short=x}}
+* {{cite web |title=Introduction to blackcurrant |url=http://www.fruitgateway.co.uk/intro_to_blackcurrant.asp |website=FruitGateway |publisher=[[The James Hutton Institute]] |location=Aberdeen}}
+* [http://www.uga.edu/fruit/ribes.html Entry on ''Ribes'' at Mark Rieger's UGa fruit crops site]
+{{Refend}}
 == Spoljašnje veze ==