Etničke grupe Rusije
Rusija je multinacionalna država sa preko 185 etničkih grupa označenih kao nacionalnosti. Populacije ovih grupa se od velikog broja razlikuju od miliona (npr. Rusi i Tatari) do ispod 10.000 (npr. Laponci i Keti)[1]. Ruska Federacija podeljena je na 85 subjekata, postoji 21 nacionalna republika (koje su namenjene posebnim etničkim manjinama), 5 autonomnih okruga (obično sa značajnom ili dominantnom etničkom manjinom) i jednu autonomnu oblast[2].
Etničke grupe Rusije 1926—2010[3][uredi | uredi izvor]
Etnička grupa |
Jezik |
Područje |
Popis 1926. | Popis 1939. | Popis 1959. | Popis 1970. | Popis 1979. | Popis 1989. | Popis 2002. | Popis 2010. | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rusi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 71,374,283 | 78.1% | 89,747,795 | 82.9% | 97,863,579 | 83.3% | 107,747,630 | 82.8% | 113,521,881 | 82.6% | 119,865,469 | 81.5% | 115,889,107 | 80.6% | 111,016,896 | 80.9% |
Tatari | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 3,926,053 | 3.2% | 3,682,956 | 3.4% | 4,074,253 | 3.5% | 4,577,061 | 3.5% | 5,055,757 | 3.6% | 5,522,096 | 3.8% | 5,554,601 | 3.9% | 5,310,649 | 3.9% |
Ukrajinci[4] | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 6,870,976 | 7.4% | 3,205,061 | 3.0% | 3,359,083 | 2.9% | 3,345,885 | 2.6% | 3,657,647 | 2.7% | 4,362,872 | 3.0% | 2,942,961 | 2.0% | 1,927,888 | 1.4% |
Baškiri | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 738,861 | 0.80% | 824,537 | 0.76% | 953,801 | 0.81% | 1,180,913 | 0.91% | 1,290,994 | 0.94% | 1,345,273 | 0.92% | 1,673,389 | 1.16% | 1,584,554 | 1.15% |
Čuvaši | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,112,478 | 1.20% | 1,346,232 | 1.24% | 1,436,218 | 1.22% | 1,637,028 | 1.26% | 1,689,847 | 1.23% | 1,773,645 | 1.21% | 1,637,094 | 1.14% | 1,435,872 | 1.05% |
Čečeni | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 318,361 | 0.34% | 400,325 | 0.37% | 261,311 | 0.22% | 572,220 | 0.44% | 712,161 | 0.52% | 898,999 | 0.61% | 1,360,253 | 0.95% | 1,431,360 | 1.04% |
Jermeni | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 183,785 | 0.20% | 205,233 | 0.19% | 255,978 | 0.22% | 298,718 | 0.23% | 364,570 | 0.27% | 532,390 | 0.36% | 1,132,033 | 0.79% | 1,182,388 | 0.86% |
Kavkaski Avari | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 178,263 | 0.19% | 235,715 | 0.22% | 249,529 | 0.21% | 361,613 | 0.28% | 438,306 | 0.32% | 544,016 | 0.37% | 814,473 | 0.57% | 912,090 | 0.66% |
Mordvini | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,306,798 | 1.41% | 1,375,558 | 1.27% | 1,211,105 | 1.03% | 1,177,492 | 0.91% | 1,111,075 | 0.81% | 1,072,939 | 0.73% | 843,350 | 0.59% | 744,237 | 0.54% |
Kazasi | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 136,501 | 0.15% | 356,500 | 0.33% | 382,431 | 0.33% | 477,820 | 0.37% | 518,060 | 0.38% | 635,865 | 0.43% | 653,962 | 0.46% | 647,732 | 0.47% |
Azeri | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 24,335 | 0.03% | 43,014 | 0.04% | 70,947 | 0.06% | 95,689 | 0.07% | 152,421 | 0.11% | 335,889 | 0.23% | 621,840 | 0.43% | 603,070 | 0.44% |
Darginci | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 125,759 | 0.14% | 152,007 | 0.14% | 152,563 | 0.13% | 224,172 | 0.17% | 280,444 | 0.20% | 353,348 | 0.24% | 510,156 | 0.35% | 589,386 | 0.43% |
Udmurti (uključujući Besermjane 1939-1989) | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 503,970 | 0.54% | 599,893 | 0.55% | 615,640 | 0.52% | 678,393 | 0.52% | 685,718 | 0.50% | 714,883 | 0.49% | 636,906 | 0.45% | 552,299 | 0.40% |
Marijci | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 427,874 | 0.46% | 476,314 | 0.44% | 498,066 | 0.42% | 581,082 | 0.45% | 599,637 | 0.44% | 643,698 | 0.44% | 604,298 | 0.42% | 547,605 | 0.40% |
Oseti | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 157,280 | 0.17% | 195,624 | 0.18% | 247,834 | 0.21% | 313,458 | 0.24% | 352,080 | 0.26% | 402,275 | 0.27% | 514,875 | 0.36% | 528,515 | 0.38% |
Belorusi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 607,845 | 0.66% | 451,933 | 0.42% | 843,985 | 0.72% | 964,082 | 0.74% | 1,051,900 | 0.77% | 1,206,222 | 0.82% | 807,970 | 0.56% | 521,443 | 0.38% |
Kabardinci | Kavkasko severozapadni | Kavkaz | 139,864 | 0.15% | 161,216 | 0.15% | 200,634 | 0.17% | 277,435 | 0.21% | 318,822 | 0.23% | 386,055 | 0.26% | 519,958 | 0.36% | 516,826 | 0.38% |
Kumici | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 94,509 | 0.10% | 110,299 | 0.10% | 132,896 | 0.11% | 186,690 | 0.14% | 225,800 | 0.16% | 277,163 | 0.19% | 422,409 | 0.29% | 503,060 | 0.37% |
Jakuti (uključujući Dolgane 1939-1959) | Turkijski | Sibir | 240,682 | 0.26% | 241,870 | 0.22% | 236,125 | 0.20% | 295,223 | 0.23% | 326,531 | 0.24% | 380,242 | 0.26% | 443,852 | 0.31% | 478,085 | 0.35% |
Lezgini | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 92,937 | 0.10% | 100,328 | 0.09% | 114,210 | 0.10% | 170,494 | 0.13% | 202,854 | 0.15% | 257,270 | 0.17% | 411,535 | 0.29% | 473,722 | 0.34% |
Burjati (uključujući Sojote 1939-1989) | Mongolski | Sibir | 237,490 | 0.26% | 220,618 | 0.20% | 251,504 | 0.21% | 312,847 | 0.24% | 349,760 | 0.25% | 417,425 | 0.28% | 445,175 | 0.31% | 461,389 | 0.34% |
Inguši | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 72,137 | 0.08% | 90,980 | 0.08% | 55,799 | 0.05% | 137,380 | 0.11% | 165,997 | 0.12% | 215,068 | 0.15% | 413,016 | 0.29% | 444,833 | 0.32% |
Nemci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 707,277 | 0.76% | 811,205 | 0.75% | 820,016 | 0.70% | 761,888 | 0.59% | 790,762 | 0.58% | 842,295 | 0.57% | 597,212 | 0.42% | 394,138 | 0.29% |
Uzbeci | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 942 | 0.00% | 16,166 | 0.01% | 29,512 | 0.03% | 61,588 | 0.05% | 72,385 | 0.05% | 126,899 | 0.09% | 122,916 | 0.09% | 289,862 | 0.21% |
Tuvinci | Turkijski | Sibir | 200 | 0.00% | 794 | 0.00% | 99,864 | 0.08% | 139,013 | 0.11% | 165,426 | 0.12% | 206,160 | 0.14% | 243,442 | 0.17% | 263,934 | 0.19% |
Komi-Zirjani (uklj. Kome-Permjake 1939) | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 226,012 | 0.24% | 415,009 | 0.38% | 281,780 | 0.24% | 315,347 | 0.24% | 320,078 | 0.23% | 336,309 | 0.23% | 293,406 | 0.20% | 228,235 | 0.17% |
Karačajci | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 55,116 | 0.06% | 74,488 | 0.07% | 70,537 | 0.06% | 106,831 | 0.08% | 125,792 | 0.09% | 150,332 | 0.10% | 192,182 | 0.13% | 218,403 | 0.16% |
Romi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 39,089 | 0.04% | 59,198 | 0.05% | 72,488 | 0.06% | 97,955 | 0.08% | 120,672 | 0.09% | 152,939 | 0.10% | 183,252 | 0.13% | 204,958 | 0.15% |
Tadžici | Indoevropski | Centralna Azija | 52 | 0.00% | 3,315 | 0.00% | 7,027 | 0.01% | 14,108 | 0.01% | 17,863 | 0.01% | 38,208 | 0.03% | 120,136 | 0.08% | 200,666 | 0.15% |
Kalmici | Mongolski | Kavkaz | 128,809 | 0.14% | 129,786 | 0.12% | 100,603 | 0.09% | 131,318 | 0.10% | 140,103 | 0.10% | 165,103 | 0.11% | 174,000 | 0.12% | 183,372 | 0.13% |
Lakci | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 40,243 | 0.04% | 54,348 | 0.05% | 58,397 | 0.05% | 78,625 | 0.06% | 91,412 | 0.07% | 106,245 | 0.07% | 156,545 | 0.11% | 178,630 | 0.13% |
Gruzijci | Južnokavkaski | Kavkaz | 20,551 | 0.02% | 43,585 | 0.04% | 57,594 | 0.05% | 68,971 | 0.05% | 89,407 | 0.07% | 130,688 | 0.09% | 197,934 | 0.14% | 157,803 | 0.11% |
Jevreji | Semitski | Evropski deo Rusije | 539,086 | 0.58% | 891,147 | 0.82% | 875,058 | 0.74% | 807,526 | 0.62% | 699,286 | 0.51% | 550,709 | 0.37% | 233,439 | 0.16% | 156,801 | 0.11% |
Moldavci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 16,870 | 0.02% | 21,974 | 0.02% | 62,298 | 0.05% | 87,538 | 0.07% | 102,137 | 0.07% | 172,671 | 0.12% | 172,330 | 0.12% | 156,400 | 0.11% |
Korejci | Korejski | Sibir | 86,799 | 0.09% | 11,345 | 0.01% | 91,445 | 0.08% | 101,369 | 0.08% | 97,649 | 0.07% | 107,051 | 0.07% | 148,556 | 0.10% | 153,156 | 0.11% |
Tabasarani | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 31,983 | 0.03% | 33,471 | 0.03% | 34,288 | 0.03% | 54,047 | 0.04% | 73,433 | 0.05% | 93,587 | 0.06% | 131,785 | 0.09% | 146,360 | 0.11% |
Adigejci (Uključujući Šapsuge 1926-1989 i Čekereze 1926-1939) | Kavkaski severozapadni | Kavkaz | 64,959 | 0.07% | 85,588 | 0.08% | 78,561 | 0.07% | 98,461 | 0.08% | 107,239 | 0.08% | 122,908 | 0.08% | 128,528 | 0.09% | 124,835 | 0.09% |
Balkari | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 33,298 | 0.04% | 41,949 | 0.04% | 35,249 | 0.03% | 52,969 | 0.04% | 61,828 | 0.04% | 78,341 | 0.05% | 108,426 | 0.08% | 112,924 | 0.08% |
Turci (uključujući Meškerske Turke 1926-1989) | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 1,846 | 0.00% | 2,668 | 0.00% | 1,377 | 0.00% | 1,568 | 0.00% | 3,561 | 0.00% | 9,890 | 0.01% | 92,415 | 0.06% | 105,058 | 0.08% |
Nogajci | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 36,089 | 0.04% | 36,088 | 0.03% | 37,656 | 0.03% | 51,159 | 0.04% | 58,639 | 0.04% | 73,703 | 0.05% | 90,666 | 0.06% | 103,660 | 0.08% |
Kirgizi | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 285 | 0.00% | 6,311 | 0.01% | 4,701 | 0.00% | 9,107 | 0.01% | 15,011 | 0.01% | 41,734 | 0.03% | 31,808 | 0.02% | 103,422 | 0.08% |
Komi-Permjaci (Komi 1939) | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 149,275 | 0.16% | 143,030 | 0.12% | 150,244 | 0.12% | 145,993 | 0.11% | 147,269 | 0.10% | 125,235 | 0.09% | 94,456 | 0.07% | ||
Altajci | Turkijski | Sibir | 52,248 | 0.06% | 46,489 | 0.04% | 44,654 | 0.04% | 54,614 | 0.04% | 58,879 | 0.04% | 69,409 | 0.05% | 77,822 | 0.05% | 89,773 | 0.06% |
Pontski Grci (uključujući Kavkaske Grke) | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 34,439 | 0.04% | 65,705 | 0.06% | 47,024 | 0.04% | 57,847 | 0.04% | 69,816 | 0.05% | 91,699 | 0.06% | 97,827 | 0.07% | 85,640 | 0.06% |
Čerkezi (Adigejci 1926-1939) | Kavkaski severozapadni | Kavkaz | 28,986 | 0.02% | 38,356 | 0.03% | 44,572 | 0.03% | 50,572 | 0.03% | 60,517 | 0.04% | 73,184 | 0.05% | ||||
Hakasi | Turkijski | Sibir | 45,607 | 0.05% | 52,033 | 0.05% | 56,032 | 0.05% | 65,368 | 0.05% | 69,247 | 0.05% | 78,500 | 0.05% | 76,278 | 0.05% | 72,959 | 0.05% |
Kareli | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 248,017 | 0.27% | 249,778 | 0.23% | 164,050 | 0.14% | 141,148 | 0.11% | 133,182 | 0.10% | 124,921 | 0.08% | 93,344 | 0.06% | 60,815 | 0.04% |
Poljaci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 189,269 | 0.20% | 142,461 | 0.13% | 118,422 | 0.10% | 107,084 | 0.08% | 99,733 | 0.07% | 94,594 | 0.06% | 73,001 | 0.05% | 47,125 | 0.03% |
Nenci (uključujući Ence 1926-1979 i Nganasane 1926-1939) | Uralski | Sibir | 17,560 | 0.02% | 24,716 | 0.02% | 22,845 | 0.02% | 28,487 | 0.02% | 29,487 | 0.02% | 34,190 | 0.02% | 41,302 | 0.03% | 44,640 | 0.03% |
Abazini | Kavkaski severozapadni | Kavkaz | 13,825 | 0.01% | 14,739 | 0.01% | 19,059 | 0.02% | 24,892 | 0.02% | 28,800 | 0.02% | 32,983 | 0.02% | 37,942 | 0.03% | 43,341 | 0.03% |
Jezidi | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 1 | 0.00% | 31,273 | 0.02% | 40,586 | 0.03% | ||||||||||
Evenki | Tunguski | Sibir | 38,804 | 0.03% | 29,599 | 0.02% | 24,583 | 0.02% | 25,051 | 0.02% | 27,278 | 0.02% | 29,901 | 0.02% | 35,527 | 0.02% | 37,843 | 0.03% |
Turkmeni | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 7,849 | 0.01% | 12,869 | 0.01% | 11,631 | 0.01% | 20,040 | 0.02% | 22,979 | 0.02% | 39,739 | 0.03% | 33,053 | 0.02% | 36,885 | 0.03% |
Rutulci | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 10,333 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,703 | 0.01% | 11,904 | 0.01% | 14,835 | 0.01% | 19,503 | 0.01% | 29,929 | 0.02% | 35,240 | 0.03% |
Aguli | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 7,653 | 0.01% | SDP | SDP | 6,460 | 0.01% | 8,751 | 0.01% | 11,752 | 0.01% | 17,728 | 0.01% | 28,297 | 0.02% | 34,160 | 0.02% |
Litvanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 26,128 | 0.03% | 20,795 | 0.02% | 108,579 | 0.09% | 76,718 | 0.06% | 66,783 | 0.05% | 70,427 | 0.05% | 45,569 | 0.03% | 31,377 | 0.02% |
Hanti | Uralski | Sibir | 22,301 | 0.02% | 18,447 | 0.02% | 19,246 | 0.02% | 21,007 | 0.02% | 20,743 | 0.02% | 22,283 | 0.02% | 28,678 | 0.02% | 30,943 | 0.02% |
Kinezi | Sino-tibetanski jezik | Sibir | 8,739 | 0.01% | 22,491 | 0.02% | 19,097 | 0.02% | 7,987 | 0.01% | 5,743 | 0.00% | 5,197 | 0.00% | 34,577 | 0.02% | 28,943 | 0.02% |
Bugari | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 4,087 | 0.00% | 8,338 | 0.01% | 24,899 | 0.02% | 27,321 | 0.02% | 24,943 | 0.02% | 32,785 | 0.02% | 31,965 | 0.02% | 24,038 | 0.02% |
Kurdi (uključujući Jezide 1939-1989) | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 164 | 0.00% | 387 | 0.00% | 855 | 0.00% | 1,015 | 0.00% | 1,634 | 0.00% | 4,724 | 0.00% | 19,607 | 0.01% | 23,232 | 0.01% |
Eveni | Tunguski | Sibir | 2,044 | 0.00% | 9,674 | 0.01% | 9,023 | 0.01% | 11,819 | 0.01% | 12,215 | 0.01% | 17,055 | 0.01% | 19,071 | 0.01% | 22,383 | 0.02% |
Finci | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 134,089 | 0.14% | 138,962 | 0.13% | 72,356 | 0.06% | 62,307 | 0.05% | 55,687 | 0.04% | 47,102 | 0.03% | 34,050 | 0.02% | 20,267 | 0.01% |
Letonci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 124,312 | 0.13% | 104,877 | 0.10% | 74,932 | 0.06% | 59,695 | 0.05% | 67,267 | 0.05% | 46,829 | 0.03% | 28,520 | 0.02% | 18,979 | 0.01% |
Estonci | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 146,051 | 0.16% | 130,494 | 0.12% | 78,556 | 0.07% | 62,980 | 0.05% | 55,539 | 0.04% | 46,390 | 0.03% | 28,113 | 0.02% | 17,875 | 0.01% |
Čukči (uključujući. Kereke 1926-1989 i Čuvance 1939-1979) | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 12,331 | 0.01% | 13,830 | 0.01% | 11,680 | 0.01% | 13,500 | 0.01% | 13,937 | 0.01% | 15,107 | 0.01% | 15,767 | 0.01% | 15,908 | 0.01% |
Vijetnamci | Vijetnamski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 781 | 0.00% | 6,287 | 0.00% | 661 | 0.00% | 2,142 | 0.00% | 26,206 | 0.02% | 13,954 | 0.01% |
Gagauzi | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,012 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,176 | 0.00% | 10,051 | 0.01% | 12,210 | 0.01% | 13,690 | 0.01% |
Šorci | Turkijski | Sibir | 13,000 | 0.01% | 16,042 | 0.01% | 14,938 | 0.01% | 15,950 | 0.01% | 15,182 | 0.01% | 15,745 | 0.01% | 13,975 | 0.01% | 12,888 | 0.01% |
Cahuri | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 3,533 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 4,437 | 0.00% | 4,730 | 0.00% | 4,774 | 0.00% | 6,492 | 0.00% | 10,366 | 0.01% | 12,769 | 0.01% |
Mansi | Uralski | Sibir | 5,754 | 0.01% | 6,295 | 0.01% | 6,318 | 0.01% | 7,609 | 0.01% | 7,434 | 0.01% | 8,279 | 0.01% | 11,432 | 0.01% | 12,269 | 0.01% |
Nanajci | Tunguski | Sibir | 5,860 | 0.01% | 8,411 | 0.01% | 7,919 | 0.01% | 9,911 | 0.01% | 10,357 | 0.01% | 11,883 | 0.01% | 12,160 | 0.01% | 12,003 | 0.01% |
Abhazi | Kavkaski severozapadni | Kavkaz | 97 | 0.00% | 647 | 0.00% | 1,400 | 0.00% | 2,427 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% | 7,239 | 0.00% | 11,366 | 0.01% | 11,249 | 0.01% |
Asirci | Semitski | Kavkaz | 2,791 | 0.00% | 7,446 | 0.01% | 7,612 | 0.01% | 8,098 | 0.01% | 8,708 | 0.01% | 9,622 | 0.01% | 13,649 | 0.01% | 11,084 | 0.01% |
Arapi | Semitski | Evropski deo Rusije | 466 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 649 | 0.00% | 2,555 | 0.00% | 2,339 | 0.00% | 2,704 | 0.00% | 10,811 | 0.01% | 9,583 | 0.01% |
Nagajbaci | Turkijski | Sibir | 11196 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 9,600 | 0.01% | 8,148 | 0.01% |
Korjaci | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 7,437 | 0.01% | 7,337 | 0.01% | 6,168 | 0.01% | 7,367 | 0.01% | 7,637 | 0.01% | 8,942 | 0.01% | 8,743 | 0.01% | 7,953 | 0.01% |
Dolgani, (Jakuti 1939-1959) | Turkijski | Sibir | 656 | 0.00% | 4,718 | 0.00% | 4,911 | 0.00% | 6,584 | 0.00% | 7,261 | 0.01% | 7,885 | 0.01% | ||||
Vepsi | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 32,783 | 0.04% | 31,442 | 0.03% | 16,170 | 0.01% | 8,057 | 0.01% | 7,550 | 0.01% | 12,142 | 0.01% | 8,240 | 0.01% | 5,936 | 0.00% |
Avganistanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 38 | 0.00% | 190 | 0.00% | 175 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 184 | 0.00% | 858 | 0.00% | 9,800 | 0.01% | 5,350 | 0.00% |
Meškerski Turci, (Turci 1926-1989) | Turkijski | Kavkaz | 3,527 | 0.00% | 4,825 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Nivhi | Nivški | Sibir | 4,076 | 0.00% | 3,857 | 0.00% | 3,690 | 0.00% | 4,356 | 0.00% | 4,366 | 0.00% | 4,631 | 0.00% | 5,162 | 0.00% | 4,652 | 0.00% |
Udini | Kavkasko severoistočni | Kavkaz | 2 | 0.00% | SDP | SDP | 35 | 0.00% | 94 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,102 | 0.00% | 3,721 | 0.00% | 4,267 | 0.00% |
Indijci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 17 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 216 | 0.00% | 1,378 | 0.00% | 181 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 4,980 | 0.00% | 4,058 | 0.00% |
Šapsugi, (Adigejci 1926-1989) | Kavkaski severozapadni | Kavkaz | 3,231 | 0.00% | 3,882 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Persijci | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 8,626 | 0.01% | 6,041 | 0.01% | 2,490 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 1,747 | 0.00% | 2,572 | 0.00% | 3,821 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Ujguri | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 26 | 0.00% | 642 | 0.00% | 720 | 0.00% | 1,513 | 0.00% | 1,707 | 0.00% | 2,577 | 0.00% | 2,867 | 0.00% | 3,696 | 0.00% |
Selkupi | Uralski | Sibir | 1,630 | 0.00% | 2,604 | 0.00% | 3,704 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,518 | 0.00% | 3,564 | 0.00% | 4,249 | 0.00% | 3,649 | 0.00% |
Sojoti, (Burjati 1939-1989) | Mongolski | Sibir | 229 | 0.00% | 2,769 | 0.00% | 3,608 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Srbi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,278 | 0.00% | 2,373 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 815 | 0.00% | 1,580 | 0.00% | 4,156 | 0.00% | 3,510 | 0.00% |
Rumuni | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 2,881 | 0.00% | 2,682 | 0.00% | 3,316 | 0.00% | 4,093 | 0.00% | 3,837 | 0.00% | 5,996 | 0.00% | 5,308 | 0.00% | 3,201 | 0.00% |
Itelmeni | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 803 | 0.00% | SSP | SSP | 1,096 | 0.00% | 1,255 | 0.00% | 1,335 | 0.00% | 2,429 | 0.00% | 3,180 | 0.00% | 3,193 | 0.00% |
Mongoli | Mongolski | Sibir | 548 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,511 | 0.00% | 3,759 | 0.00% | 1,812 | 0.00% | 2,117 | 0.00% | 2,656 | 0.00% | 2,986 | 0.00% |
Kumandinci | Turkijski | Sibir | 6,335 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,114 | 0.00% | 2,892 | 0.00% |
Mađari | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 3,882 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 4,175 | 0.00% | 6,681 | 0.01% | 4,313 | 0.00% | 5,742 | 0.00% | 3,768 | 0.00% | 2,781 | 0.00% |
Ulči | Tunguski | Sibir | 723 | 0.00% | 2,049 | 0.00% | 2,410 | 0.00% | 2,494 | 0.00% | 3,173 | 0.00% | 2,913 | 0.00% | 2,765 | 0.00% | ||
Teleuti | Turkijski | Sibir | 1,898 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,650 | 0.00% | 2,643 | 0.00% |
Tališi | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 0 | 0.00% | 47 | 0.00% | 33 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.00% | 202 | 0.00% | 2,548 | 0.00% | 2,529 | 0.00% | ||
Krimski Tatari | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 2,852 | 0.00% | 5,165 | 0.00% | 21,275 | 0.01% | 4,131 | 0.00% | 2,449 | 0.00% |
Besermjani, (Udmurti 1939-1989) | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 10,035 | 0.01% | 3,122 | 0.00% | 2,201 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Hemšini | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 2 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,542 | 0.00% | 2,047 | 0.00% |
Kamčadali | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 4216 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 2,293 | 0.00% | 1,927 | 0.00% |
Česi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 7,996 | 0.01% | 7,526 | 0.01% | 7,174 | 0.01% | 6,073 | 0.00% | 4,491 | 0.00% | 4,375 | 0.00% | 2,904 | 0.00% | 1,898 | 0.00% |
Laponci | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,715 | 0.00% | 1,828 | 0.00% | 1,760 | 0.00% | 1,836 | 0.00% | 1,775 | 0.00% | 1,835 | 0.00% | 1,991 | 0.00% | 1,771 | 0.00% |
Dungani | Sino-tibetanski jezik | Sibir | 6,009 | 0.01% | 48 | 0.00% | 169 | 0.00% | 304 | 0.00% | 1,159 | 0.00% | 635 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,651 | 0.00% |
Eskimi | Eskimsko-aleutski jezik | Sibir | 1,292 | 0.00% | 1,111 | 0.00% | 1,265 | 0.00% | 1,460 | 0.00% | 1,704 | 0.00% | 1,750 | 0.00% | 1,738 | 0.00% | ||
Jukagiri | Jukagirski jezik | Sibir | 443 | 0.00% | 440 | 0.00% | 593 | 0.00% | 801 | 0.00% | 1,112 | 0.00% | 1,509 | 0.00% | 1,603 | 0.00% | ||
Tati | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 223 | 0.00% | 5,136 | 0.00% | 8,753 | 0.01% | 12,748 | 0.01% | 19,420 | 0.01% | 2,303 | 0.00% | 1,585 | 0.00% | ||
Amerikanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 457 | 0.00% | 273 | 0.00% | 785 | 0.00% | 81 | 0.00% | 185 | 0.00% | 1,275 | 0.00% | 1,572 | 0.00% |
Udegejci (uključujući. Taze 1926-1989) | Tunguski | Sibir | 1,357 | 0.00% | 1,701 | 0.00% | 1,395 | 0.00% | 1,396 | 0.00% | 1,431 | 0.00% | 1,902 | 0.00% | 1,657 | 0.00% | 1,496 | 0.00% |
Francuzi | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,338 | 0.00% | 991 | 0.00% | 535 | 0.00% | 1,243 | 0.00% | 305 | 0.00% | 352 | 0.00% | 819 | 0.00% | 1,475 | 0.00% |
Karakalpaci | Turkijski | Centralna Azija | 14 | 0.00% | 306 | 0.00% | 988 | 0.00% | 2,267 | 0.00% | 1,743 | 0.00% | 6,155 | 0.00% | 1,609 | 0.00% | 1,466 | 0.00% |
Italijani | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 749 | 0.00% | 713 | 0.00% | 525 | 0.00% | 889 | 0.00% | 356 | 0.00% | 627 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | 1,370 | 0.00% |
Keti | Jenisejski | Sibir | 1,428 | 0.00% | 1,017 | 0.00% | 1,161 | 0.00% | 1,072 | 0.00% | 1,084 | 0.00% | 1,494 | 0.00% | 1,219 | 0.00% | ||
Španci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 2,290 | 0.00% | 1,615 | 0.00% | 2,631 | 0.00% | 1,961 | 0.00% | 2,054 | 0.00% | 1,547 | 0.00% | 1,162 | 0.00% |
Slovenci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,008 | 0.00% |
Čuvanci, (Čukči 1939-1979) | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 704 | 0.00% | 1,384 | 0.00% | 1,087 | 0.00% | 1,002 | 0.00% | ||||||||
Britanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 517 | 0.00% | 416 | 0.00% | 312 | 0.00% | 542 | 0.00% | 115 | 0.00% | 223 | 0.00% | 529 | 0.00% | 950 | 0.00% |
Japanci | Japanski | Sibir | 79 | 0.00% | 922 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% | 1,141 | 0.00% | 655 | 0.00% | 591 | 0.00% | 835 | 0.00% | 888 | 0.00% |
Nganasani, (Nenci 1926-1939) | Uralski | Sibir | 721 | 0.00% | 823 | 0.00% | 842 | 0.00% | 1,262 | 0.00% | 834 | 0.00% | 862 | 0.00% | ||||
Gorski Jevreji | Indoevropski | Kavkaz | 15,612 | 0.02% | 0 | 0.00% | 19,352 | 0.02% | 15,434 | 0.01% | 6,509 | 0.00% | 11,282 | 0.01% | 3,394 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% |
Tabasarani | Turkijski | Sibir | 2,828 | 0.00% | 476 | 0.00% | 570 | 0.00% | 576 | 0.00% | 722 | 0.00% | 837 | 0.00% | 762 | 0.00% | ||
Kubanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 1,175 | 0.00% | 1,566 | 0.00% | 707 | 0.00% | 676 | 0.00% |
Oroci | Tunguski | Sibir | 646 | 0.00% | 779 | 0.00% | 1,037 | 0.00% | 1,040 | 0.00% | 883 | 0.00% | 686 | 0.00% | 596 | 0.00% | ||
Negidalci | Tunguski | Sibir | 683 | 0.00% | 495 | 0.00% | 477 | 0.00% | 587 | 0.00% | 567 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | ||||
Pakistanci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 507 | 0.00% |
Aleuti | Eskimsko-aleutski jezik | Sibir | 353 | 0.00% | 399 | 0.00% | 410 | 0.00% | 489 | 0.00% | 644 | 0.00% | 540 | 0.00% | 482 | 0.00% | ||
Pamirci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 363 | 0.00% |
Čulimci | Turkijski | Sibir | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 656 | 0.00% | 355 | 0.00% |
Makedonci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 325 | 0.00% |
Slovaci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 513 | 0.00% | 497 | 0.00% | 758 | 0.00% | 439 | 0.00% | 711 | 0.00% | 568 | 0.00% | 324 | 0.00% |
Hrvati | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 174 | 0.00% | 115 | 0.00% | 479 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 304 | 0.00% |
Oroci, (Oroči 1970-1979) | Tunguski | Sibir | 162 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.00% | 179 | 0.00% | 346 | 0.00% | 295 | 0.00% | ||||||
Tazi, (Udegejci 1926-1989) | Sino-tibetanski jezik | Sibir | 276 | 0.00% | 274 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Ižori | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 16,136 | 0.02% | 7,720 | 0.01% | 564 | 0.00% | 561 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 449 | 0.00% | 327 | 0.00% | 266 | 0.00% |
Bošnjaci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 256 | 0.00% |
Enci, (Nenci 1926-1979) | Uralski | Sibir | 198 | 0.00% | 237 | 0.00% | 227 | 0.00% | ||||||||||
Ruteni | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 97 | 0.00% | 225 | 0.00% |
Karaiti | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,608 | 0.00% | 1,236 | 0.00% | 939 | 0.00% | 680 | 0.00% | 366 | 0.00% | 205 | 0.00% | ||
Crnogorci | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 181 | 0.00% |
Krimčaci | Turkijski | Evropski deo Rusije | 6,185 | 0.01% | 0 | 0.00% | 249 | 0.00% | 389 | 0.00% | 1,365 | 0.00% | 338 | 0.00% | 157 | 0.00% | 90 | 0.00% |
Gruzijski Jevreji | Južnokavkaski | Kavkaz | 82 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 109 | 0.00% | 109 | 0.00% | 130 | 0.00% | 1,172 | 0.00% | 53 | 0.00% | 78 | 0.00% |
Voti | Uralski | Evropski deo Rusije | 705 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 73 | 0.00% | 64 | 0.00% |
Ljuli | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 486 | 0.00% | 49 | 0.00% |
Centralnoazijski Jevreji | Indoevropski | Evropski deo Rusije | 93 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 99 | 0.00% | 91 | 0.00% | 336 | 0.00% | 1,407 | 0.00% | 54 | 0.00% | 32 | 0.00% |
Kereci, (Čukči 1926-1989) | Čukotko-kamčatski jezik | Sibir | 8 | 0.00% | 4 | 0.00% | ||||||||||||
Mali dagestanski narodi | Kavkaz | 20,962 | 0.02% | |||||||||||||||
Mali sibirski narodi | Sibir | 11,824 | 0.01% |
Jezik i kultura[uredi | uredi izvor]
Iako Ustav Rusije prepoznaje ruski jezik kao zvanični, pojedine republike mogu proglasiti jedan ili više službenih jezika. Većina ispitanika za maternji smatra barem dva jezika - ruski i jezik svog naroda.[1] U većini predmeta u zemlji postoji živahna manjinska jezička scena, sa više od 1.350 novina i časopisa, 300 TV kanala i 250 radio stanica na preko 50 manjinskih jezika. Štaviše, novo zakonodavstvo omogućava upotrebu jezika manjina u federalnom radio i TV emitovanju[5].
U 2007. godini bilo je 6.260 škola koje su pružale nastavu na ukupno 38 manjinskih jezika, a više od 75 jezika manjina se učilo kao predmet u 10.404 škole. Ministri Saveta Evrope primetili su napore za poboljšanje ponude udžbenika i nastavnika na manjinskom jeziku, kao i veću dostupnost predavanja manjinskog jezika. Međutim, kako su ministri zapazili, i dalje postoje nedostaci u pristupu obrazovanju pripadnika određenih manjina[5].Postoji više od 2.000 društvenih udruženja nacionalnih manjina i 560 nacionalnih kulturnih autonomija, međutim Komitet ministara je primetio da je u mnogim regionima državna podrška očuvanju i razvoju manjinskih kultura i dalje neadekvatna[5]. Postoji značajna razlika između "istoimenih" etničkih grupa i nacionalnosti bez njihove nacionalne teritorije, jer su resursi poslednjih relativno ograničeni[6].
Autohtoni narodi[uredi | uredi izvor]
Rusija je takođe dom za određene kategorije manjinskih naroda, odnosno za male starosedelačke narode na severu i dalekom istoku zemlje, koji održavaju vrlo tradicionalan način života, često u surovom klimatskom okruženju[1]. Nakon pada Sovjetskog Saveza, Rusija je usvojila zakon o zaštiti prava malih autohtonih sela[1] .
Mape[uredi | uredi izvor]
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Etnička mapa Rusije 1989.
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Etnička mapa Rusije 2010.
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Najbrojniji narodi zemlje izuzev Rusa: žuti - Ukrajinci, zeleni zeleni - Tatari, zeleni - Kazahani, narančasti - Jermenski, plavi - Burati, sivo-plavi - Nemci, roze - Korejci
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Dve najveće nacije po regionima izuzev Rusa (popis 2010)
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Ruski narod u Rusiji (2010)
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Tatari u Rusiji (2010)
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Ukrajinci u Rusiji (2010)
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Baškiri u Rusiji (2010)
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Čuvaši u Rusiji (2010)
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Čečeni u Rusiji (2010)
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Jermeni u Rusiji (2010)
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Mordvini u Rusiji (2010)
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Kazasi u Rusiji (2010)
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Azeri u Rusiji (2010)
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Belorusi u Rusiji (2010)
-
Nemci u Rusiji (2010)
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ a b v g https://rm.coe.int/16806db7be Report by Mr. Alvaro Gil-Robles on his Visits to the Russian Federation". Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. 2005-04-20. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Kremlin.ru. "Dogovor meždu Rossiйskoй Federacieй i Respublikoй Krыm o prinяtii v Rossiйskuю Federaciю Respubliki Krыm i obrazovanii v sostave Rossiйskoй Federacii novыh subъektov"
- ^ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544 Arhivirano oktobar 12, 2013 na sajtu Wayback Machine
- ^ Čislennostь, udelьnый ves i polovoй sostav ukrainskogo naseleniя Rossii, 1926–2010 gg. / Zavьяlov A. V. Socialьnaя adaptaciя ukrainskih immigrantov : monografiя / A. V. Zavьяlov. – Irkutsk : Izd-vo IGU, 2017—179 s.
- ^ a b v Resolution on the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities Arhivirano jun 11, 2007 na sajtu Wayback Machine, Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe, May 2, 2007
- ^ „Report by Mr. Alvaro Gil-Robles on his Visits to the Russian Federation”. Council of Europe, Commissioner for Human Rights. 2005-04-20. Pristupljeno 2008-03-16.