Мистицизам
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Hildegard_von_Bingen_Liber_Divinorum_Operum.jpg/170px-Hildegard_von_Bingen_Liber_Divinorum_Operum.jpg)
Мистицизам (од грчког μυστικός [mystikós] – мистикос = „скривено“, „тајно“) је веровање у врховне стварности изнад материјалне,[1][2] и настојање да се достигне једност са том Стварношћу (или Богом) непосредним доживљајем, мимо разумских схватања.[3]
У мистицизам се убраја свако учење које сматра да је основа стварности нешто натприродно, нематеријално и да се до тог божанског не долази појмовно, рационално, већ непосредним осећањем, интуицијом или увидом.[4] У таквом стању мистичног иступљења (екстазе) мистик се осећа сједињен с апсолутним, божанским. Мистицизам је лично искуство и директан пут ка Богу (или Стварности), и као такав представља посебну врсту искуства које је изван сваког разумског знања. Стога се мистично често употребљава као синоним за антирационално, ненаучно.
Мистика се јавља у различитим традицијама (јеврејска, хришћанска, исламска), а мистици често нагињу пантеизму. У јудаизму, мистицизам је присутан у учењу Кабале. Мистицизам је био веома значајан за развој хришћанства, развијајући се и у православној (исихазам) и католичкој цркви (квијетизам). У исламу, суфизам је мистички аспект, усмерен остварењу Божјег јединства и присуства кроз љубав и екстатичко јединство. И у филозофији многих нововеких филозофа постоје мистички елементи (Шелинг, Шлајермахер, Соловјов, Лоски и др.).[5]
Будући да се многи елементи мистицизма заснивају на старогрчком гностицизму, у неким научним круговима мистицизам се често назива и теозофија, тј. пут на средини између теологије и филозофије.
Мистичке традиције
[уреди | уреди извор]Ово су примери главних традиција и филозофија са јаким елементима мистицизма:
- Античке мистерије
- Бахаи вера
- Гностицизам
- исихазам (православље)
- Кабала (јудаизам)
- Плес духова
- Психоделично искуство
- Квекери (протестантизам)
- Квијетизам (католицизам)
- Суфизам (ислам)
- Таоизам
- Тибетански будизам
- Веданта (хиндуизам)
- Јога (хиндуизам)
- Зен (будизам)
Хришћански мистици
[уреди | уреди извор]Извори
[уреди | уреди извор]- ^ McGinn 2005.
- ^ Moore 2005.
- ^ „Mysticism”. Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ Misticizam, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.
- ^ Mistika, Filozofijski rečnik, Matica Hrvatska, Zagreb 1984.
Литература
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Спољашње везе
[уреди | уреди извор]- Dan Merkur, Mysticism, Encyclopædia Britannica
- Jerome Gellmann, Mysticism, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- James McClenon, Mysticism, Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
- Encyclopedia.com, Mysticism
- Resources – Medieval Jewish History – Jewish Mysticism The Jewish History Resource Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Shaku soens influence on western notions of mysticism
- "Self-transcendence enhanced by removal of portions of the parietal-occipital cortex" Article from the Institute for the Biocultural Study of Religion