Bodi art
Bodi art ili umetnost tela je umetnički koncept 20. veka.[1] Nastao je kao umetnički pravac oko 1960. godine iz ideja hepeninga i fluksusa. Telo je kao umetnički medijum i kao umetnički objekat. Ovde je reč o performansu. Dalji pravci u ovoj umetnosti su fotografija i video umetnost. Umetnik sam sebi delom pričinjava ozlede i bol i radi sa svojim telom kao sa materijalom. Imenom bodi art se označavaju svi umetnički procesi u kojima umetnik koristi svoje vlastito telo kao materijalnu podlogu umetničkog dela. Nastaje krajem 1960ih i razvija se u narednoj deceniji. Umetnici koji praktikuju ovu umetničku formu tretiraju teme kao što su nasilje, autoagresija, seksualnost, egzibicionizam ili telesna otpornost na fizičke fenomene. Telo može biti transformisano kostimom, korišćeno kao instrument ili jedinica za merenje, podvrgnuto agresiji ili podvrgnuto bolu do granice patnje. U bodi artu možemo razlikovati jednu više analitičku liniju koju u Sjedinjenim Državama praktikuju umetnici kao Vito Akonsi, Kris Barden ili Denis Openhejm, u kojoj se potenciraju kreativne mogućnosti tela kao objekta i drugu više dramatičnu, koja se praktikuje u Evropi i čiji su predstavnici Herman Nič, Ginter Brus, Rudolf Švarckogler, Đina Pane i Marina Abramović, koji insistiraju na reviziji arhetipa, određenih stvari povezanih sa tranvestizmom i nanošenju bola kao jedne vrste estetski subliminiraanog čina. Preteča ove umetničke forme su dadaizam i hepening, a kasnije se veže sa performansom i scenskim umetnostima.
Zaleđina[uredi | uredi izvor]
Bodi art se često bavi pitanjima roda i ličnog identiteta, a uobičajene teme uključuju odnos tela i psihe.[1]
Bečku umetnost akcije su 1965. godine formirali Herman Nič, Oto Mil, Ginter Brus i Rudolf Švarckogler.[2] Oni su izveli nekoliko bodi art akcija, koje su obično uključivale društvene tabue (kao što je sakaćenje genitalija).[3][4] Vito Akonči je jednom dokumentovao, putem fotografija i teksta, svoju svakodnevnu rutinu vežbanja stajanja i silaska sa stolice što je duže moguće tokom nekoliko meseci. Akonči je takođe izveo Sledeći komad, u kojem je pratio nasumično izabrane Njujorčane.[5]
U Francuskoj, umetnost tela je nazvana art corporel i praktikovali su je umetnici kao što su Mišel Žurnjak[6][7] i Đina Pane.[8][9][10] U Italiji 1980-ih, jedna od poznatih umetnica u pokretu bila je Keti La Roka.[11]
Marina Abramović je izvela Ritam 0 1974. U komadu je publici dato uputstvo da na Abramovićevom telu koriste niz od 72 obezbeđena instrumenta bola i zadovoljstva, uključujući noževe, perje i napunjen pištolj. Članovi publike su je posekli, utisnuli trnje u njen stomak, crtali karminom i skinuli joj odeću. Predstava je završena nakon šest sati, kada je neko držao napunjen pištolj na Abramovićevoj glavi i izbila je tuča.[12]
Fotograf Spenser Tunik je poznat po snimanju fotografija koje okupljaju veliki broj golih ljudi na javnim lokacijama širom sveta.[13]
Umetnici čiji su radovi evoluirali sa više usmerenim ličnim mitologijama su Rebeka Horn, Juri Mesen-Jašin, Havijer Perez i Jana Šterbak.[14] Bodi art se takođe može izraziti pisanjem, a ne slikanjem.
Ekstremna umetnost tela[uredi | uredi izvor]
Na primer, u jednom od radova Marine Abramović igra se dok se nije srušila od iscrpljenosti, dok je u jednom od poznatijih radova Denisa Openhajma on prikazan kako leži na suncu sa knjigom na grudima, sve dok mu koža, isključujući onu koju knjiga pokriva, nije bila jako opečena od sunca. Može se čak sastojati od aranžiranja i seciranja očuvanih tela na umetnički način, kao što je to bilo za plastinirana tela korišćena na putujućoj izložbi Svetovi tela.
Odsustvo tela[uredi | uredi izvor]
Naučna istraživanja u ovoj oblasti, na primer Stelarkova, mogu se posmatrati u ovom umetničkom smislu.[15] Poseban slučaj bodi art strategija je odsustvo tela. Neki umetnici koji su kroz svoja umetnička dela izveli „odsustvo“ tela su: Davor Džalto, Entoni Gormli i Endi Vorhol.
Događaji bodi arta[uredi | uredi izvor]
Festival Gorući čovek se održava svake godine u pustinji Blek Rok u severozapadnoj Nevadi (SAD), u septembru.[16][17] Džejke Lojd Džouns, umetnik iz Sidneja, osmislio je Sidnejsku bodi art vožnju, koja je postala godišnji događaj. Učesnici su ofarbani tako da formiraju živu dugu koja se kreće do Tihog okeana i uranja u talase.[18]
Medicinska upotreba za bodi art[uredi | uredi izvor]
Bodi art, posebno slikanje na telu, predstavlja novoinkorporiranu veštinu u medicinskoj industriji koja se prvenstveno koristi za školovanje. Dok je primarni metod za učenje fiziologije kroz ispitivanje leševa prema Gabrieli Flin, neki studenti su veoma zbunjeni ovom praksom.[19] Organizacije sada razmatraju korišćenje slikanja tela kao funkcionalnog, jeftinog i pozitivnog načina učenja o unutrašnjem radu anatomskih struktura kroz slikanje. Ovo bi se sastojalo od toga da studenti medicine slikaju ili rade sa voljnim volonterima koji su naslikani da bi otkrili različite delove tela kao što su: pluća, mišići ruku, nogu, itd. Ruke se najčešće biraju jer pacijent ne mora da se skine za pregled slikanja, međutim, uz pristanak pacijenta dobrovoljca, studenti medicine mogu da oboje druga područja kao što su leđa. Ovo bi omogućilo studentima medicine da ne samo da nauče više o anatomiji na pozitivan način, već imaju praksu u stvarnom životu u ponašanju pored kreveta i da se postaraju da njihovim pacijentima bude udobno i da se o njima dobro brinu tokom celog procesa.
Predstavnici[uredi | uredi izvor]
Poznati predstavnici u Bodi artu su:
- Marina Abramović
- Vito Akonsi (Vito Acconci)
- Denis Openhajm (Denis Oppenheim)
- Đina Pane (Gina Pane)
- Mihael Jurnijak (Michel Journiak)
- Urs Luti (Urs Lüthi)
- Rudolf Švarckogler (Rudolf Schwarzkogler)
- Orlan (Orlan)
- Stelark (Stelarc)
- Franko B (Franko B)
- Ron Eti (Ron Athey)
- Kira O Rajli (Kira O' Reilly)
- Gabrijel Savić Ra
- Oliver Frost (Oliver Frost)
Galerija slika[uredi | uredi izvor]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ a b Tate. „Body art – Art Term”. Tate (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-08-11.
- ^ „Viennese Actionism”. Artsy. Pristupljeno 2021-08-11.
- ^ Neluis T., Armstrong M. L., Young C., Roberts A. E., Hogan L., Rinard K. (2014). „Prevalence and implications of genital tattoos: A site not forgotten”. British Journal of Medical Practitioners. 7 (4).
- ^ „Penises, Piercings and Pleasure”. 2009-07-23. Arhivirano iz originala 2015-07-09. g. Pristupljeno 2010-01-17.
- ^ „Following Piece, Vito Acconci (1969)”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Arhivirano iz originala 2016-05-21. g. Pristupljeno 2021-08-11.
- ^ Bio (French). Retrieved 29 August 2010
- ^ Scott, Katie; Arscott, Caroline (2000). Manifestations of Venus. Manchester University Press. str. 156—172. ISBN 978-0-7190-5522-5. Pristupljeno 13. 9. 2008.
- ^ „Pane, Gina”. Oxford Art Online. Pristupljeno 8. 3. 2015.
- ^ Hillstrom, Laurie; Hillstrom, Kevin (1999). Contemporary Women Artists. Farmington Hills, MI: St. James Press. str. 507, 508. ISBN 1558623728.
- ^ „Gina Pane”. Braodway 1602. Pristupljeno 23. 2. 2018.
- ^ Vergine, Lea (1976). Dall'informale alla body art: dieci voci dell'arte contemporanea, 1960-1970. Cooperativa editoriale Studio forma. OCLC 988212126.
- ^ „Rhythm 0”. The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-08-11.
- ^ Battersby, Matilda (19. 9. 2011). „Spencer Tunick creates 'naked Dead Sea'”. Independent. Pristupljeno 6. 2. 2011.
- ^ Green, John (2005). Looking for Alaska. New York: Dutton Children's. str. 67–69. ISBN 978-0-525-47506-4.
- ^ Publishing, Dennis (2007). „Body Art”. Bizarre.
- ^ „These Photos Prove How Wild Burning Man Really Is”. Travel. 2017-08-07. Pristupljeno 2021-02-16.
- ^ „The Extraordinary History of Burning Man”. www.farandwide.com. Pristupljeno 2020-06-18.
- ^ Murray, Elicia (9. 2. 2007). „Sydney Body Art Ride”. The Sydney morning Herald.
- ^ Finn, Gabrielle M (25. 9. 2018). „Current perspectives on the role of body painting in medical education”. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 9: 701—706. PMC 6165736 . PMID 30310345. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S142212 .
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- Zadik, Yehuda; Sandler, Vadim (avgust 2007). „Periodontal Attachment Loss Due to Applying Force by Tongue Piercing” (PDF). J Calif Dent Assoc. 35 (8): 550—553. PMID 17941300. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 10. 9. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 16. 7. 2008.
- Zadik, Yehuda; Burnstein, Saar; Derazne, Estella; Sandler, Vadim; Ianculovici, Clariel; Halperin, Tamar (mart 2010). „Colonization of Candida: prevalence among tongue-pierced and non-pierced immunocompetent adults”. Oral Dis. 16 (2): 172—5. PMID 19732353. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01618.x.
Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
- Pictures of scarification in Africa - Features by Jean-Michel Clajot, Belgian photographer
- Directory of body art websites Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (11. mart 2017)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Body Art Page
- Filmovi bečkih akcionista na UBUWEB-u - mogu uzdrmati osjećanja gledaoca, tako da se ne preporučuju osjetljivim osobama kao ni maloljetnicima
- Walker, John (1992). „Body Art”. Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design Since 1945 (3rd izd.). London: Bingley. ISBN 978-0-85365-639-5. OCLC 930752485.
- Gaweewong, Gridthiya; R. J. Preece (4. 4. 2019) [8 August 2010]. „Thai Women Artists: Doin' It for Themselves”. Art. artdesigncafé.com. Pristupljeno 3. 2. 2020.
- Bodi art na sajtu Curlie
- Body Art section at the Australian Museum
- Body Art Page, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention