Савет Европске уније

Не поистовећивати са Европски саветом или Саветом Европе.

Савет Европске уније
Сала у згради Европа у Бриселу којој се одржавају састанци Савета министара Европске уније од 2017. године
Амблем Савета Европске уније
Датум оснивања	1992.
Седиште	Брисел, Белгија
Чланови	27 министара
Службени језици	енглески, француски, италијански
Генерални секретар	Thérèse Blanchet (од 1. новембра 2022)
Председавајућа држава	Шведска (од 1. јануара 2023)
Веб-сајт	www.consilium.europa.eu

Зграда Европа у Бриселу

Европска унија

Ова чланак је део серије о политици и влади Европске уније

Извршна власт Јункерова комисија Председник Јункер Заменик председника Комесар Цивилна служба Генерални секретар Деј

Законодавна власт Парламент Председник Шулц (СиД) Највеће групе; ЕНП (Манфред Вебер) СиД (Ђани Питела) 8. сазив (2014—2019) 751 чланова Биро Заменици председника Квестор Конференција Законодавни поступак Савет Луксембуршко председавање Конфигурација Генерални послови Спољни послови Правда и унутрашњи послови Економска питања Евро Законодавни поступак Гласање Секретарија Генерални секретар Уве корсепијус Генералне дирекције COREPER

Европски савет Председник Туск (ЕНП) Чланови Списак састанака

Судство Суд правде Чланови Одлуке Општи суд Трибунал грађанске службе

Централна банка Председник Драги ESCB Евро EMU Еврозона Еврозона 2011. године

Ревизорски суд Буџет OLAF

Остала тела Агенције Инвестициона банка Одбор регија Економски и социјални одбор Омбудсман Национални парламенти

Политике и питања Спољни односи High Representative Federica Mogherini Ext. Action Service Foreign Policy Defence Policy Customs Union Enlargement Budget Four Freedoms Eкономски простор Area of FS&J Schengen Area Policies Agricultural Energy Fisheries Regional Citizenship Identity Pro-Europeanism Euroscepticism Integration Supranationalism Federalism United States of Europe Multi-speed Opt-outs Enhanced co-op Withdrawal

Избори 1979, 1984, 1989 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 2014 (last election) Political parties Constituencies Parliamentary constituencies Referendums

Закони Acquis Primacy Subsidiarity Treaties Fundamental Rights Чланство

Савет Европске уније или Савет министара Европске уније је главни орган за доношење одлука у Европској унији. Оличење је земаља чланица, чије представнике окупља регуларно на министарском нивоу. На основу дневног реда, Савет се састаје у различитом саставу: инострани послови, финансије, образовање, телекомуникације итд. То је једно од два законодавна тела и заједно са Европским парламентом служи за измену и одобравање или улагање вета на предлоге Европске комисије, која има право иницијативе.

Савет има известан број обавеза:

1. Он је законодавни орган Уније; за широк домен питања, практикује ту законодавну моћ заједно са Европским парламентом;
2. Координира економским смеровима земаља чланица;
3. Закључује, у име ЕУ, међународне договоре са једном или више држава или међународних организација;
4. Заједно са Парламентом, руководи буџетом;
5. Доноси одлуке потребне за утврђивање и спровођење заједничке међународне и безбедносне политике, на основу општих регулација које је донео Савет Европе;
6. Координира активностима земаља чланица и усваја мерила у полицијској и правосудној сарадњи у питањима криминала

Седиште Савета је у Бриселу. Савет Европске уније не треба мешати са Европским саветом, засебним органом Европске уније, нити са Саветом Европе, засебном пан-европском институцијом са седиштем у Стразбуру, независном од ЕУ.

Председништво Савета Европске уније

Логотип председавања Хрватске Саветом Европске уније од 1. јануара 2020.

Председништво у Европском савету и у Савету Европске уније
година, земља (1. половина, 2. половина)
2007.	Немачка, Португал	2008.	Словенија, Француска	2009.	Чешка, Шведска
2010.	Шпанија, Белгија	2011.	Мађарска, Пољска	2012.	Данска, Кипар
2013.	Ирска, Литванија	2014.	Грчка, Италија	2015.	Летонија, Луксембург
2016.	Холандија, Словачка	2017.	Малта, Естонија	2018.	Бугарска, Аустрија
2019.	Румунија, Финска	2020.	Хрватска, Немачка	2021.	Португалија, Словенија

Састав

The Presidency of the Council rotates every six months among the governments of EU member states, with the relevant ministers of the respective country holding the Presidency at any given time ensuring the smooth running of the meetings and setting the daily agenda. The continuity between presidencies is provided by an arrangement under which three successive presidencies, known as Presidency trios, share common political programmes. The Foreign Affairs Council (national foreign ministers) is however chaired by the Union's High Representative.

Its decisions are made by qualified majority voting in most areas, unanimity in others, or just simple majority for procedural issues. Usually where it operates unanimously, it only needs to consult the Parliament. However, in most areas the ordinary legislative procedure applies meaning both Council and Parliament share legislative and budgetary powers equally, meaning both have to agree for a proposal to pass. In a few limited areas the Council may initiate new EU law itself.

Историја

The Council first appeared in the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) as the "Special Council of Ministers", set up to counterbalance the High Authority (the supranational executive, now the Commission). The original Council had limited powers: issues relating only to coal and steel were in the Authority's domain, and the Council's consent was only required on decisions outside coal and steel. As a whole, the Council only scrutinised the High Authority (the executive). In 1957, the Treaties of Rome established two new communities, and with them two new Councils: the Council of the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC) and the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). However, due to objections over the supranational power of the Authority, their Councils had more powers; the new executive bodies were known as "Commissions".

In 1965, the Council was hit by the "empty chair crisis". Due to disagreements between French President Charles de Gaulle and the Commission's agriculture proposals, among other things, France boycotted all meetings of the Council. This halted the Council's work until the impasse was resolved the following year by the Luxembourg compromise. Although initiated by a gamble of the President of the Commission, Walter Hallstein, who later on lost the Presidency, the crisis exposed flaws in the Council's workings.

Under the Merger Treaty of 1967, the ECSC's Special Council of Ministers and the Council of the EAEC (together with their other independent institutions) were merged into the Council of the European Communities, which would act as a single Council for all three institutions. In 1993, the Council adopted the name 'Council of the European Union', following the establishment of the European Union by the Maastricht Treaty. That treaty strengthened the Council, with the addition of more intergovernmental elements in the three pillars system. However, at the same time the Parliament and Commission had been strengthened inside the Community pillar, curtailing the ability of the Council to act independently.

The Treaty of Lisbon abolished the pillar system and gave further powers to Parliament. It also merged the Council's High Representative with the Commission's foreign policy head, with this new figure chairing the foreign affairs Council rather than the rotating presidency. The European Council was declared a separate institution from the Council, also chaired by a permanent president, and the different Council configurations were mentioned in the treaties for the first time.

The development of the Council has been characterised by the rise in power of the Parliament, with which the Council has had to share its legislative powers. The Parliament has often provided opposition to the Council's wishes. This has in some cases led to clashes between both bodies with the Council's system of intergovernmentalism contradicting the developing parliamentary system and supranational principles.

Овлашћења и функције

The primary purpose of the Council is to act as one of two vetoing bodies of the EU's legislative branch, the other being the European Parliament. Together they serve to amend, approve or disapprove the proposals of the European Commission, which has the sole power to propose laws. Jointly with the Parliament, the Council holds the budgetary power of the Union and has greater control than the Parliament over the more intergovernmental areas of the EU, such as foreign policy and macroeconomic co-ordination. Finally, before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, it formally held the executive power of the EU which it conferred upon the European Commission. It is considered by some to be equivalent to an upper house of the EU legislature, although it's not described as such in the treaties. The Council represents the executive governments of the EU's member states and is based in the Europa building in Brussels.

Литература

• Anderson, P. The New Old World (Verso 2009) ISBN 978-1-84467-312-4
• Berend, Ivan T. The History of European Integration: A New Perspective. (Routledge, 2016).
• Blair, Alasdair. The European Union since 1945 (Routledge, 2014).
• Chaban, N. and M. Holland, eds. Communicating Europe in Times of Crisis: External Perceptions of the European Union (2014).
• Dedman, Martin. The origins and development of the European Union 1945-1995: a history of European integration (Routledge, 2006).
• De Vries, Catherine E. "Don't Mention the War! Second World War Remembrance and Support for European Cooperation." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies (2019).
• Dinan, Desmond. Europe recast: a history of European Union (2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan), 2004 excerpt.
• Fimister, Alan. Robert Schuman: Neo-Scholastic Humanism and the Reunification of Europe (2008)
• Heuser, Beatrice. Brexit in History: Sovereignty or a European Union? (2019) excerpt also see online review
• Hobolt, Sara B. "The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent." Journal of European Public Policy (2016): 1–19.
• Jorgensen, Knud Erik, et al., eds. The SAGE Handbook of European Foreign Policy (Sage, 2015).
• Kaiser, Wolfram. "From state to society? The historiography of European integration." in Michelle Cini, and Angela K. Bourne, eds. Palgrave Advances in European Union Studies (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006). pp 190–208.
• Kaiser, Wolfram, and Antonio Varsori, eds. European Union history: themes and debates (Springer, 2016).
• Koops, TJ. and G. Macaj. The European Union as a Diplomatic Actor (2015).
• McCormick, John. Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).
• May, Alex. Britain and Europe since 1945 (1999).
• Marsh, Steve, and Hans Mackenstein. The International Relations of the EU (Routledge, 2014).
• Milward, Alan S. The Reconstruction of Western Europe: 1945–51 (Univ. of California Press, 1984)
• Pasture, Patrick (2015). Imagining European unity since 1000 AD. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137480460. 
• Patel, Kiran Klaus, and Wolfram Kaiser. "Continuity and change in European cooperation during the twentieth century." Contemporary European History 27.2 (2018): 165–182. online
• Smith, M.L.; Stirk, P.M.R., ур. (1990). Making The New Europe: European Unity and the Second World War (1st UK изд.). London: Pinter Publishers. ISBN 0-86187-777-2. 
• Stirk, P.M.R., ур. (1989). European Unity in Context: The Interwar Period (1st изд.). London: Pinter Publishers. ISBN 9780861879878. 
• Young, John W. Britain, France, and the unity of Europe, 1945–1951 (Leicester University, 1984).
• Craig, P.; de Búrca, G. (2003). EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials (3rd изд.). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-925608-X. 
• Voermans, Wim (2010). „Is the European Legislator after Lisbon a real Legislature?”. Legislacao. 50 (50): 391—413. 
• Tobler, Christa; Beglinger, Jacques (2018), Essential EU Law in Charts (4th ed.), Budapest: HVG-ORAC / E.M.Meijers Institute of Legal Studies, Leiden University. ISBN 978-963-258-394-5. See Chapter 5 (in particular Chart 5|5 = p.3), www.eur-charts.eu.
• Corbett, Richard; Jacobs, Francis; Shackleton, Michael (2011), The European Parliament (8 изд.), London: John Harper Publishing, ISBN 978-0-9564508-5-2 

Спољашње везе

• Official Council website – Europa
  • About the Council
  • Council configurations
  • Live broadcast
  • PRADO – The Council of the European Union Public Register of Authentic Travel and ID Documents Online
• Access to documents of the EU Council on EUR-Lex
• Council of the European Union – European NAvigator
• Archival material concerning the Council of the European Union can be consulted at the Historical Archives of the European Union in Florence