Kljunoroške

Kljunoroške; Vremenski raspon: Eocen do danas
	Bucorvus abyssinicus
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Aves
Kladus:	Picocoraciae
Red:	Bucerotiformes; Fürbringer, 1888
Familije
	Phoeniculidae; Upupidae; Bucorvidae; Bucerotidae;

Kljunoroške (lat. Bucerotiformes) red su ptica koji sadrži tri familije — kljunorošce (lat. Bucerotidae), pupavce (lat. Upupidae) i šumske pupavce (lat. Phoeniculidae).^[1] Ove familije se ponekad klasifikuju kao deo reda modrovrana, ali sve veći broj studija potvrđuje da su ove ptice dovoljno distinktivne da imaju sopstveni red.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Sistematika[uredi | uredi izvor]

Nedavni podaci dobijeni genetskim istraživanjima ukazuju na to da rodovi Bucorvus i Bycanistes (ranije smatrani delom Bucerotidae) formiraju zaseban kladus izvan filogenetske linije familije kljunorožaca (Bucerotidae), to jest čine posebnu familiju Bucorvidae, koja predstavlja bazalni takson.^[5] Smatra se da Bucorvidae predstavlja ranoafričku lozu, dok je ostatak reda Bucerotiformes evoluirao u Aziji. Takođe, veruje se da su dva roda iz porodice šumskih pupavaca — Phoeniculus i Rhinopomastus — divergirala pre oko 10 miliona godina, pa se, stoga, prema nekim sistematikama svrstavaju u zasebne potfamilije ili čak zasebne familije (Phoeniculidae i Rhinopomastidae).^[6]

Taksonomija[uredi | uredi izvor]

red Bucerotiformes

podred Upupi
- familija Phoeniculidae
  - rod Phoeniculus
  - rod Rhinopomastus
- familija Upupidae
  - rod Upupa
    - Upupa epops
podred Buceroti
- familija Bucorvidae
  - rod Bucorvus
    - Bucorvus abyssinicus
    - Bucorvus leadbeateri
  - rod Bycanistes
- familija Bucerotidae
  - rod Tropicranus (ponekad deo roda Tockus)
    - Tropicranus albocristatus
  - rod Tockus
    - Tockus hartlaubi
    - Tockus camurus
    - Tockus monteiri
    - Црвенокруни пупавци (grupa)
      - Tockus erythrorhynchus
      - Tockus damarensis
      - Tockus rufirostris
      - Tockus ruahae
      - Tockus kempi
    - Tockus flavirostris
    - Tockus leucomelas
    - Tockus jacksoni
    - Tockus deckeni
    - Tockus alboterminatus
    - Tockus bradfieldi
    - Tockus fasciatus
    - Tockus hemprichii
    - Tockus pallidirostris
    - Tockus nasutus
  - rod Ocyceros
    - Ocyceros griseus
    - Ocyceros gingalensis
    - Ocyceros biostris
  - rod Anthracoceros
  - rod Buceros
    - Buceros rhinoceros
    - Buceros bicornis
    - Buceros hydrocorax
  - rod Rhinoplax (ponekad deo roda Buceros)
    - Rhinoplax vigil
  - rod Anorrhinus
  - rod Penelopides
    - Penelopides manillae
    - Penelopides mindorensis
    - Penelopides panini
    - Penelopides samarensis
    - Penelopides affinis
    - Penelopides exarhatus
  - rod Berenicornis (ponekad deo roda Aceros)
    - Berenicornis comatus (alt Aceros comatus (IUCN))
  - rod Aceros
    - Aceros nipalensis
    - Aceros corrugatus
    - Aceros leucocephalus
    - Aceros waldeni
    - Aceros cassidix
  - rod Rhyticeros (ponekad deo roda Aceros)
  - rod Ceratogymna
    - Ceratogymna atrata
    - Ceratogymna elate

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ „Bucerotiformes”. Arhivirano iz originala 08. 01. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 26. 09. 2017.
^ Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). „Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)” (PDF). J. Avian Biol. 34 (2): 185—197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. Pristupljeno 2008-10-30.
^ Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. . doi:10.3390/biology2010419. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar |title= (pomoć)
^ Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.
^ Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok. str. 257-264.
^ Fry, C. Hilary (2003). „Wood-hoopoes”. Ur.: Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. str. 383. ISBN 978-1-55297-777-4.

Literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

Fry, C. Hilary (2003). „Wood-hoopoes”. Ur.: Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. str. 383. ISBN 978-1-55297-777-4.

Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]

[1] „Bucerotiformes”. Arhivirano iz originala 08. 01. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 26. 09. 2017.

[2] Johansson, Ulf S.; Ericson, Per G.P. (2003). „Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960)” (PDF). J. Avian Biol. 34 (2): 185—197. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x. Pristupljeno 2008-10-30.

[3] Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. . doi:10.3390/biology2010419. Nedostaje ili je prazan parametar |title= (pomoć)

[4] Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331.

[5] Woodruff, D. S. & Srikwan, S. 2011. Molecular genetics and the conservation of hornbills in fragmented landscapes. In Poonswad, P. (ed) The Asian Hornbills: Ecology and Conservation. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok. str. 257-264.

[6] Fry, C. Hilary (2003). „Wood-hoopoes”. Ur.: Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. str. 383. ISBN 978-1-55297-777-4.

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