Milton Fridman

Milton Fridman
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1912-07-31)31. jul 1912.
Mesto rođenja	Njujork, SAD
Datum smrti	16. novembar 2006.(2006-11-16) (94 god.)
Mesto smrti	San Francisko, SAD
Filozofski rad
Epoha	20. vek
Škola filozofije	Čikaška škola
Interesovanja	Ekonomija
Ideje	Sloboda, Slobodno tržište, Monetarizam, Teorija cena, Fluktuirajući kurs valuta, Prirodna stopa nezaposlenosti Fridmanov test
Uticaji od	Adam Smit, Džon Stjuart Mil, Tomas Pejn, Fridrih Hajek
Uticao na	Margaret Tačer, Ronald Regan, Ron Pol, Augusto Pinoče
Potpis

Milton Fridman (engl. Milton Friedman; Njujork, 31. jul 1912 — San Francisko, 16. novembar 2006) je bio američki ekonomista, dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za „svoj doprinos na polju analize potrošnje, monetarne istorije i teorije i za demonstraciju složenosti stabilizacione politike”.

Osnovne doprinose Fridman je dao na području teorije cena, inflacije i monetarne politike. Gotovo sam je tokom 1950-ih i 1960-ih godina držao opoziciju vladajućem kejnzijanizmu. Tvrdio je da nivo cena zavisi od količine novca u opticaju, čime je vaskrsnuo klasičnu kvantitativnu teoriju novca. U dugom roku, po Fridmanu, povećanje novčane mase povećava cene, ali ne i ekonomsku aktivnost i zaposlenost. Samo u kratkom roku monetarni rast povećava proizvodnju i zaposlenost. Rešenje problema inflacije i kratkoročnih fluktuacija zaposlenosti i realnog nacionalnog dohotka Fridman je video u jednostavnom monetarnom pravilu: novčana masa treba da raste jednako kao realni društveni proizvod (GNP).

Nije imao poverenja u sposobnost države da koriguje greške tržišta. Tražio je i da se smanji javna potrošnja kako bi privredi i stanovništvu ostajalo više novca. Bio je savetnik Ronalda Regana i Margaret Tačer. Njegove knjige, eseji ostvarili su veliki uticaj širom sveta, uključujući komunističke zemlje. Uopšte, bio je jedan od najvećih liberala 20. veka.

U knjizi Kapitalizam i sloboda dokazivao je da sistem zasnovan na slobodama daje najbolje rezultate i zalagao se, između ostalog, za dobrovoljnu vojsku, negativan porez na dohodak, fluktuirajuće kurseve valuta, ukidanje licenciranja za lekare i druge itd. TV serija i knjiga pod nazivom Sloboda izbora, koje je pripremio zajedno sa suprugom Rouz, učinili su ga popularnim širom sveta. Osnovao je, zajedno sa Hajekom, Društvo Mont Pelerin, gde je preispitivana i jačana liberalna ideja.

Detinjstvo i mladost

Fridman je rođen u Bruklinu, u Njujorku, u porodici jevrejskih doseljenika Sare Ethel (rođ Landau) i Jena Saula Fridmana, iz Beregzasima u Zakarpatima, kraljevina Ugarska (danas Berehove u Ukrajini), trgovaca tekstilnom robom. Nakon Miltonovog rođenja, porodica se preselila u Rehvej, Nju Džerzi. U svojim tinejdžerskim danima, Fridman je stradao u saobraćajnoj nesreći usled čega mu je ostao trajni ožiljak na gornjoj usni. Kao nadareni učenik, Fridman maturira nešto pre svog šesnaestog rođendana. Nakon diplomiranja ponuđene su mu dve stipendije za diplomski rad. Jedna iz matematike na Univerzitetu Braun, druga iz ekonomije na Univerzitetu u Čikagu. Fridman bira potonju, te tako 1933. godine stiče titulu magistra nauka. Na njega su snažno uticali Džejkob Viner, Frank Najt i Henri Simons. U Čikagu je Fridman upoznao svoju buduću suprugu, ekonomistkinju Rouz. Tokom školske 1933/1934. na Univerzitetu Kolumbija je studirao statistiku s poznatim statističarem i ekonomistom Haroldom Hotelingom. Vraća se u Čikago školske 1934/1935. godine kao asistent Henriju Šulcu, koji je tada radio na "teoriji i merenju potražnje". Te godine Fridman se upoznao sa Džordžom Stiglerom i Vilsonom Alenom Valisom sa kojima će ostati prijatelj do kraja života.

Naučni doprinos

Fridman je najpoznatiji po oživljavanju interesa za ponudu novca kao odrednice nominalne vrednosti proizvodnje, to jest, kvantitativnu teoriju novca. Monetarizam je skup stavova povezanih sa modernom kvantitativnom teorijom Njegovi počeci mogu se pratiti unazad do škole Salamanka iz 16. veka ili čak i dalje. Međutim, Fridmanov doprinos je u velikoj meri odgovoran za modernu popularizaciju. On je koautor, sa Anom Švarc, "Monetarne istorije SAD, 1867-1960" (1963), koja je ispitivala uloge ponude novca i ekonomske aktivnosti u istoriji SAD. Upečatljiv je zaključak njihovog istraživanja u vezi načina na koji promene ponude novca doprinose ekonomskim fluktuacijama. Nekoliko studija regresije sa Davidom Mizelmanom tokom 1960-ih predlagale su primat ponude novca u odnosu na investicije i državnu potrošnju u određivanju potrošnje i proizvodnje.

Fridman je bio glavni zagovornik monetarističke škole ekonomije. On je tvrdio da postoji bliska i stabilna veza između inflacije i ponude novca, uglavnom da se inflacija može izbeći uz pravilnu regulaciju stope rasta monetarne baze. On je koristio slavnu analogiju o "bacanju novca iz helikoptera.", kako bi se izbegli mehanizmi za ubrizgavanje novca i drugi faktori koji bi njegove modele činilo prekomplikovanim. Fridmanovi argumenti su se suprotstavljali popularnom konceptu inflacije troškova, da je povećan opšti nivo cena u to vreme bio rezultat povećanja cena nafte, odnosno povećanja plata; kao što je on pisao,

Inflacija je uvek i svugde novčani fenomen 1963.

Fridman je takođe poznat po svom radu na funkciji potrošnje, hipoteze o stalnom prihodu (1957), koji je sam Fridman nazivao svojim najboljim naučnim radom. Ovo delo je tvrdilo da će racionalni potrošači trošiti proporcionalnu količinu onoga što percipiraju da je njihov stalni prihod. Slučajne dobitke će uglavnom sačuvati. Poreska odbijanja isto tako, jer racionalni potrošači predviđaju da će porez morati da se poveća zbog balansiranja budžeta. Drugi važni doprinosi su njegova kritika Filipsove krive i koncepta prirodne stope nezaposlenosti (1968). Vlada koja donosi veću inflaciju ne može trajno smanjiti nezaposlenost na taj način. Nezaposlenost može biti privremeno manja, ako je inflacija neočekivana, ali na duge staze nezaposlenosti će biti određena trvenjima i nesavršenostima na tržištu rada.

Stanovišta u vezi državnih politika

Javna dobra i monopoli

Fridman je podržavao državno upravljanje javnim dobrima tamo gde se smatralo da privatne firme ne mogu da pruže zadovoljavajuće usluge, međutim, tvrdio je da bi mnoge usluge koje pruža Vlada bile bolje pružene od strane privatnog sektora.

Vojna obaveza

Milton Fridman je bio glavni zagovornik dobrovoljnog služenja vojske, navodeći da je regrutacija u "neskladu sa slobodnim društvom." U delu "Kapitalizam i sloboda", on je tvrdio da je vojni rok nepravedan i proizvoljan i sprečava mladiće u oblikovanju života po svojoj meri. Tokom Niksonove administracije bio je na čelu odbora kako bi istražio prebacivanje na plaćene / dobrovoljačke oružane snage. On će kasnije tvrditi da je njegova uloga u uklanjanju regrutacije u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama bilo njegovo najponosnije postignuće. Fridman je, međutim, smatrao da bi se narod mogao prisiliti na vojnu obuku kao rezervu u slučaju rata.

Ekonomske slobode

Majkl Voker iz Frejzer instituta i Fridman ugostili su niz konferencija od 1986. do 1994. Cilj je bio da se stvori jasna definicija ekonomske slobode i metoda za njeno merenje. Na kraju je to rezultiralo prvim izveštajem o svetskoj ekonomskoj slobodi, "ekonomske slobode u svetu". Fridman je zagovarao jaču osnovnu pravnu (ustavnu) zaštitu ekonomskih prava i sloboda u cilju daljeg promovisanja industrijsko-komercijalnog razvoja, prosperiteta i podupirao demokratiju i slobodu te uopšteno vladavinu prava u društvu.

Politika u vezi socijalnih davanja

Fridman predlaže da ako bi sistem socijalnih davanja uopšte postojao, zamenio bi postojeći sistem negativnim porezom na dohodak, odnosno progresivnim poreskim sistemom, u kojem bi siromašni od Vlade primali osnovni životni prihod.

Prema Njjujork tajmsu, Fridmanovo stanovište po ovom pitanju su sledeća: ″Tržište postiže sjajne stvari, ali ne može vršiti distribuciju prihoda koji svim građanima omogućava zadovoljenje osnovnih životnih potreba″

Gej prava

Fridman je bio pristalica gej prava. Nikada nije jasno podržao istopolne brakove, umesto toga je rekao „Ne smatram da bi trebalo biti bilo kakve diskriminacije prema homoseksualcima

Politika u vezi droga

Fridman se takođe zalagao za libertarijansku politiku kao što je legalizacija droge i prostitucije. Tokom 2005. godine Fridman i još pet stotina ekonomista predstavili su ekonomske prednosti u legalizaciji marihuane.

Smrt

Fridman je preminuo u 94. godini u San Francisku 16. novembra 2006. godine. Još uvek je radio kao ekonomista, njegova poslednja kolumna objavljena je dan nakon smrti.

Bibliografija

Knjige i članci za opštu publiku

• "Why Money Matters," Wall Street Journal, Nov. 17, 2006, p. A20 (last words)
• J. Daniel Hammond and Claire H. Hammond, ed., Making Chicago Price Theory: Friedman-Stigler Correspondence, 1945–1957. Routledge, 2006. 165 pp. ISBN 0-415-70078-7.
• "Reflections on A Monetary History," The Cato Journal, Vol. 23, 2004, essay
• Two Lucky People: Memoirs (with Rose Friedman) ISBN 0-226-26414-9 (1998) excerpt and text search
• George J. Stigler, 1911–1991: Biographical Memoir, (National Academy of Sciences: 1998), online
• "The Case for Free Trade" with Rose Friedman, 1997, Hoover Digest magazine article
• Money Mischief: Episodes in Monetary History (1994) ISBN 0-15-162042-3, 28 6 pp.
• George Stigler: A Personal Reminiscence, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 101, No. 5 (Oct., 1993), pp. 768–73 JSTOR
• "The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise," in Arnold S. Trebach, ed. Friedman and Szasz on Liberty and Drugs: Essays on the Free Market and Prohibition (Drug Policy Foundation Press: 1992)
• Economic Freedom, Human Freedom, Political Freedom ISBN 1-883969-00-X (1992), short pamphlet
• "Milton Friedman’s extempore comments at the 1989 Hawaii conference: on India, Israel, Palestine, the USA, Debt and its uses, Erhardt abolishing exchange controls, Etc", provided by Indian economist Subroto Roy (May 21, 1989)
• The Essence of Friedman, essays edited by Kurt R. Leube, (1987) (ISBN 0-8179-8662-6)
• "The Case for Overhauling the Federal Reserve," (1985), Challenge magazine article
• The Tyranny of the Status Quo (1984) ISBN 0-15-192379-5, 192 pp
• Free to Choose: A Personal Statement, with Rose Friedman, (1980), highly influential restatement of policy views
• From Galbraith to Economic Freedom, Institute of Economic Affairs, Occasional Paper 49 (1977)
• There's No Such Thing as a Free Lunch (1975), columns from Newsweek magazine online version
• Unemployment versus Inflation?, Institute of Economic Affairs, Occasional Paper 44 (1975)
• Social Security: Universal or Selective? with Wilbur J. Cohen (1972)
• "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits", The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970
• "Why Not a Volunteer Army?", New Individualist Review, Spring 1967
• An Economist's Protest: Columns in Political Economy, Thomas Horton and Company (1966)
• Capitalism and Freedom (1962), highly influential series of essays that established Friedman's position on major issues of public policy excerpts
• Roofs or Ceilings?: The Current Housing Problem with George J. Stigler. (Foundation for Economic Education, 1946), 22 pp. attacks rent control

Video zapisi

• The Power of Choice (2007).
• Free to Choose (1980) (1990).
• PRC Forum: Milton Friedman (1987).
• Milton Friedman interviewed on America's Drug Forum (1991)
• Monetary Revolutions (1992).
• Money (1992).
• Efforts in Eastern Europe to Localize Government (1993).
• Privatization Trends in Eastern Europe (1993).
• Health Care Reform (1992).
• Economically Speaking – Why Economists Disagree (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 01, "What is America?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 02, "Myths That Conceal Reality" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 03, "Is Capitalism Humane?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 04, "The Role of Government in a Free Society" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 05, "What Is Wrong with the Welfare State?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 06, "Money and Inflation" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 07, "Is Tax Reform Possible?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 08, "Free Trade: Producer vs. Consumer" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 09, "The Energy Crisis: A Humane Solution" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 10, "The Economics of Medical Care" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 11, "Putting Learning Back in the Classroom" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 12, "Who Protects the Consumer?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 13, "Who Protects the Worker?" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 14, "Equality and Freedom in the Free Enterprise System" and Q & A (1978).
• Milton Friedman Speaks: Lecture 15, "The Future of Our Free Society" and Q & A (1978).

Ekonomske knjige i članci (hronološkim redom)

• "Professor Pigou's Method for Measuring Elasticities of Demand From Budgetary Data" The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol. 50, No. 1 (Nov. 1935), pp. 151–63 JSTOR
• "Marginal Utility of Money and Elasticities of Demand," The Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol. 50, No. 3 (May 1936), pp. 532–33 JSTOR
• "The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance," Journal of the American Statistical Association Vol. 32, No. 200 (Dec. 1937), pp. 675–701 JSTOR
• "The Inflationary Gap: II. Discussion of the Inflationary Gap," American Economic Review Vol. 32, No. 2, Part 1 (Jun. 1942), pp. 314–20 JSTOR
• "The Spendings Tax as a Wartime Fiscal Measure," American Economic Review Vol. 33, No. 1, Part 1 (Mar. 1943), pp. 50–62 JSTOR
• Taxing to Prevent Inflation: Techniques for Estimating Revenue Requirements (Columbia U.P. 1943, 236 pp) with Carl Shoup and Ruth P. Mack
• Income from Independent Professional Practice with Simon Kuznets (1945), Friedman's PhD thesis
• "Lange on Price Flexibility and Employment: A Methodological Criticism," American Economic Review Vol. 36, No. 4 (Sep. 1946), pp. 613–31 JSTOR
• "Utility Analysis of Choices Involving Risk" with Leonard Savage, 1948, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 56, No. 4 (Aug. 1948), pp. 279–304 JSTOR
• "A Monetary and Fiscal Framework for Economic Stability", 1948, American Economic Review, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Jun. 1948), pp. 245–64 JSTOR
• "A Fiscal and Monetary Framework for Economic Stability," Econometrica Vol. 17, Supplement: Report of the Washington Meeting (Jul. 1949), pp. 330–32 JSTOR
• "The Marshallian Demand Curve," The Journal of Political Economy Vol. 57, No. 6 (Dec. 1949), pp. 463–95 JSTOR
• "Wesley C. Mitchell as an Economic Theorist," The Journal of Political Economy Vol. 58, No. 6 (Dec. 1950), pp. 465–93 JSTOR
• "Some Comments on the Significance of Labor Unions for Economic Policy", 1951, in D. McC. Wright, editor, The Impact of the Union.
• "Commodity-Reserve Currency," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 59, No. 3 (Jun. 1951), pp. 203–32 JSTOR
• "Price, Income, and Monetary Changes in Three Wartime Periods," American Economic Review Vol. 42, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Sixty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association (May 1952), pp. 612–25 JSTOR
• "The Expected-Utility Hypothesis and the Measurability of Utility", with Leonard Savage, 1952, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 60, No. 6 (Dec. 1952), pp. 463–74 JSTOR
• The Methodology of Positive Economics (1953)
• Essays in Positive Economics (1953)
• "Choice, Chance, and the Personal Distribution of Income," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 61, No. 4 (Aug. 1953), pp. 277–90 JSTOR
• "A Memorandum to the Government of India November 1955", MS first published at University of Hawaii May 21, 1989; first published in the book Foundations of India's Political Economy, edited by Subroto Roy & WE James, Sage 1992
• "The Quantity Theory of Money: A restatement", 1956, in Friedman, editor, Studies in Quantity Theory.
• A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957)
• "A Statistical Illusion in Judging Keynesian Models" with Gary S. Becker, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 65, No. 1 (Feb. 1957), pp. 64–75 JSTOR
• "The Supply of Money and Changes in Prices and Output", 1958, in Relationship of Prices to Economic Stability and Growth.
• "The Demand for Money: Some Theoretical and Empirical Results," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 67, No. 4 (Aug. 1959), pp. 327–51 JSTOR
• A Program for Monetary Stability (Fordham University Press, 1960) 110 pp online version
• "Monetary Data and National Income Estimates," Economic Development and Cultural Change Vol. 9, No. 3, (Apr. 1961), pp. 267–86 JSTOR
• "The Lag in Effect of Monetary Policy," Journal of Political EconomyVol. 69, No. 5 (Oct. 1961), pp. 447–66 JSTOR
• Price Theory ISBN 0-202-06074-8 (1962), college textbook online version
• "The Interpolation of Time Series by Related Series," Journal of the American Statistical Association Vol. 57, No. 300 (Dec. 1962), pp. 729–57 JSTOR
• "Should There be an Independent Monetary Authority?", in L.B. Yeager, editor, In Search of a Monetary Constitution
• Inflation: Causes and consequences, 1963.
• "Money and Business Cycles," The Review of Economics and Statistics Vol. 45, No. 1, Part 2, Supplement (Feb. 1963), pp. 32–64 JSTOR
• A Monetary History of the United States, 1867–1960, with Anna J. Schwartz, 1963; part 3 reprinted as The Great Contraction
• "Money and Business Cycles" with A. J. Schwartz, 1963, Review of Economics & Statistics.
• "The Relative Stability of Monetary Velocity and the Investment Multiplier in the United States, 1898–1958", with D. Meiselman, 1963, in Stabilization Policies.
• "A Reply to Donald Hester", with D. Meiselman, 1964
• "Reply to Ando and Modigliani and to DePrano and Mayer," with David Meiselman. American Economic Review Vol. 55, No. 4 (Sep. 1965), pp. 753–85 JSTOR
• "Interest Rates and the Demand for Money," Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 9 (Oct. 1966), pp. 71–85 JSTOR
• The Balance of Payments: Free Versus Fixed Exchange Rates with Robert V. Roosa (1967)
• "The Monetary Theory and Policy of Henry Simons," Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 10 (Oct. 1967), pp. 1–13 JSTOR
• "What Price Guideposts?", in G.P. Schultz, R.Z. Aliber, editors, Guidelines
• "The Role of Monetary Policy." American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No. 1 (Mar. 1968), pp. 1–17 JSTOR presidential address to American Economics Association
• "Money: the Quantity Theory", 1968, IESS
• "The Definition of Money: Net Wealth and Neutrality as Criteria" with Anna J. Schwartz, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb. 1969), pp. 1–14 JSTOR
• Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy with Walter W. Heller (1969)
• "Comment on Tobin", 1970, Quarterly Journal of Economics
• Monetary Statistics of the United States: Estimates, Sources, Methods. with Anna J. Schwartz, 1970.
• "A Theoretical Framework for Monetary Analysis," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 78, No. 2 (Mar. 1970), pp. 193–238 JSTOR
• The Counter-Revolution in Monetary Theory 1970.
• "A Monetary Theory of Nominal Income", 1971, Journal of Political Economy JSTOR
• "Government Revenue from Inflation," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 79, No. 4 (Jul. 1971), pp. 846–56 JSTOR
• "Have Monetary Policies Failed?" American Economic Review Vol. 62, No. 1/2 (1972), pp. 11–18 JSTOR
• "Comments on the Critics," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 80, No. 5 (Sep. 1972), pp. 906–50 JSTOR
• "Comments on the Critics", 1974, in Gordon, ed. Milton Friedman and his Critics.
• "Monetary Correction: A proposal for escalation clauses to reduce the cost of ending inflation", 1974
• The Optimum Quantity of Money: And Other Essays (1976)
• Milton Friedman in Australia, 1975 (1975)
• Milton Friedman's Monetary Framework: A Debate with His Critics (1975) excerpt and text search
• "Comments on Tobin and Buiter", 1976, in J. Stein, editor, Monetarism.
• "Inflation and Unemployment: Nobel lecture", 1977, Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 85, pp. 451–72. JSTOR
• Introduction to New Individualist Review. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund (1981), pp. ix-xiv. ISSN 0028-5439. ISBN 0913966908. A collection of issues spanning April 1961 (vol. 1, no. 1) to Winter 1968 (vol. 5, no. 1).
• "Interrelations between the United States and the United Kingdom, 1873–1975.", with A.J. Schwartz, 1982, J Int Money and Finance
• Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom: Their relations to income, prices and interest rates, 1876–1975. with Anna J. Schwartz, 1982
• "Monetary Policy: Theory and Practice," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking Vol. 14, No. 1 (Feb. 1982), pp. 98–118 JSTOR
• "Monetary Policy: Tactics versus strategy", 1984, in Moore, editor, To Promote Prosperity.
• "Lessons from the 1979–1982 Monetary Policy Experiment," American Economic Review Vol. 74, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings ... of the American Economic Association (May 1984), pp. 397–401.
• "Has Government Any Role in Money?" with Anna J. Schwartz, 1986, JME
• "Quantity Theory of Money", in J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, P. Newman, eds., The New Palgrave (1998)
• "Money and the Stock Market," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 96, No. 2 (Apr. 1988), pp. 221–45 JSTOR
• "Bimetallism Revisited," Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 4, No. 4 (Autumn 1990), pp. 85–104 JSTOR
• "The Crime of 1873," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 98, No. 6 (Dec. 1990), pp. 1159–1194 JSTOR
• "Franklin D. Roosevelt, Silver, and China," Journal of Political Economy Vol. 100, No. 1 (Feb. 1992), pp. 62–83 JSTOR
• Milton Friedman on Economics: Selected Papers by Milton Friedman, edited by Gary S. Becker (2008)

Literatura

• McCloskey, Deirdre (zima 2003). „Other Things Equal: Milton”. Eastern Economic Journal. Palgrave Macmillan. 29 (1): 143—146. JSTOR 40326463. 
• Rostker, Bernard (2006). I Want You!: The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force. Rand Corporation. str. 4. ISBN 978-0-8330-3895-1. 
• Bernanke, Ben (2004). Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691118208. 
• Friedman, Milton (1999). Two Lucky People: Memoirs. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226264158. 
• Burns, Jennifer (2023). Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9780374601140. OCLC 1355021202. 
• „Symposium: Why Is There No Milton Friedman Today?”. Econ Journal Watch. 10 (2). maj 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Jones, Daniel Stedman. Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics (2nd ed. 2014)
• Steelman, Aaron (2008). „Friedman, Milton (1912–2006)”. Ur.: Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; Cato Institute. str. 195—197. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n118. 
• Wood, John Cunningham; Ronald N. Wood, ur. (1990). Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments. Critical Assessments of Contemporary Economists Vol. IV. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415020053. OCLC 20296405. 
• Butler, Eamonn. "Milton Friedman: A Guide to His Economic Thought" ISBN 978-0-87663-476-9 Introductory guide to Milton Friedman
• Chao, Hsiang-ke. "Milton Friedman and the Emergence of the Permanent Income Hypothesis" History of Political Economy 2003 35(1): 77–104. ISSN 0018-2702 Fulltext in Project Muse
• A.W. (Bob) Coats; "The Legacy of Milton Friedman as Teacher" Economic Record, Vol. 77, 2001
• Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement (2007)
• Ebenstein, Lanny. Milton Friedman: A Biography (2007) excerpt and text search
• Frazer, William. Power and Ideas: Milton Friedman and the Big U-Turn. Vol. 1: The Background. Vol. 2: The U-Turn. Gainesville, Fla.: Gulf/Atlantic, 1988. 867 pp.
• Hammond, J. Daniel. "Remembering Economics" Journal of the History of Economic Thought 2003 25(2): 133–43. ISSN 1042-7716; focus is on Friedman
• Hirsch, Abraham, and Neil de Marchi. Milton Friedman: Economics in Theory and Practice (1990) his methodology
• Jordan, Jerry L., Allan H. Meltzer, Thomas J. Sargent and Anna J. Schwartz; "Milton, Money, and Mischief: Symposium and Articles in Honor of Milton Friedman's 80th Birthday" Economic Inquiry. Volume: 31. Issue: 2. 1993. pp. 197+. in JSTOR
• Kasper, Sherryl. The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers (2002)
• Krugman, Paul. "Who Was Milton Friedman?" New York Review of Books Vol 54#2 Feb. 15, 2007 online version
• Leeson, Robert, ed. Ideology and International Economy: The Decline and Fall of Bretton Woods (2003)
• Powell, Jim. The Triumph of Liberty (New York: Free Press, 2000). See profile of Friedman in the chapter "Inflation and Depression."
• Rayack; Elton. Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan Praeger, 1987; attacks Friedman's policies from the left online version
• Roy, Subroto, "Milton Friedman, A Man of Reason (1912–2006)", Obituary in The Statesman newspaper Perspective Page, www.thestatesman.net, November 22, 2006, also available at http://independentindian.com/2006/11/22/milton-friedman-a-man-of-reason-1912-2006/
• Tavlas, George S. "Retrospectives: Was the Monetarist Tradition Invented?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 1998 12(4): 211–22. ISSN 0895-3309 Fulltext in JSTOR
• Stigler, George Joseph. Memoirs of an Unregulated Economist (1988)
• Wahid, Abu N. M. ed; Frontiers of Economics: Nobel Laureates of the Twentieth Century. Greenwood Press. 2002 pp. 109–15.
• Walters, Alan (1987), “Friedman, Milton," New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 422–26

Spoljašnje veze

• Milton and Rose Friedman: An Uncommon Couple Arhivirano na sajtu Wayback Machine (19. februar 2015) (Multiple Text, audio, video)
• The Milton Friedman papers at the Hoover Institution Archives
• Selected Bibliography for Milton Friedman at the University of Chicago Library
• Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics/RePEc
• Milton Fridman na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski) 
• Becker Friedman Institute at the University of Chicago
• The Foundation for Educational Choice
• Milton Fridman at Scarlett
• Inflation and Unemployment 1976 lecture at NobelPrize.org
• Nobel Prize acceptance speech
• Milton Friedman (1912–2006). The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Library of Economics and Liberty (2nd izd.). Liberty Fund. 2008. 
• Milton Friedman:Why Not a Volunteer Army?, New Individualist Review, Spring 1967
• The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, Milton Friedman, The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970
• Interview with Milton Friedman, Dominic Streatfeild, May 25, 2000, source material for Cocaine: An Unauthorised Biography
• Milton Friedman vs. The Fed Bailout by Michael Hirsh, Newsweek, July 17, 2009
• Four Deformations of the Apocalypse, David Stockman, The New York Times, July 31, 2010
• The Case for Free Trade by Milton and Rose Friedman
• Roberts, Russ. „Milton Friedman Podcasts”. EconTalk. Library of Economics and Liberty.