Vole Sojinka
Vole Sojinka | |
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![]() Vole Sojinka | |
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Puno ime | Akinvande Oluvole Sojinka[1] |
Datum rođenja | 13. jul 1934. |
Mesto rođenja | Abeokuta, Nigerija |
Obrazovanje | Univerzitet u Lidsu |
Nagrade | Nobelova nagrada za književnost |
Zvanični veb-sajt | |
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Akinvande Oluvole „Vole“ Sojinka (engl. Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Soyinka; Abeokuta, 13. jul 1934), nigerijski je pisac, pesnik i dramaturg. Prvi je Afrikanac dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za književnost.[2][3] Ovu nagradu je dobio 1986. godine.
Sojinka je rođen u jorubskoj porodici u Abeokuti.[4] Godine 1954. pohađao je Državni koledž u Ibadanu,[5] a potom Univerzitetski koledž Ibadan i Univerzitet u Lidsu u Engleskoj.[6] Nakon studija u Nigeriji i Velikoj Britaniji, radio je za Kraljevski dvorski teatar u Londonu. Nastavio je da piše drame koje su produkovane u obe zemlje, u pozorištima i na radiju. Imao je aktivnu ulogu u političkoj istoriji Nigerije i njenoj kampanji za nezavisnost od britanske kolonijalne vladavine. Godine 1965. zauzeo je studio Vestern Nigerija Broadkasting Servis i emitovao zahtev za otkazivanje regionalnih izbora u Zapadnoj Nigeriji.[7][8] Godine 1967, tokom Građanskog rata u Nigeriji, uhapsila ga je savezna vlada generala Jakubua Govona i stavila u samicu na dve godine, jer se dobrovoljno prijavio da bude nevladin akter.[9]
Sojinka je bio snažan kritičar uzastopnih nigerijskih (i afričkih) vlada, posebno mnogih vojnih diktatora u zemlji, kao i drugih političkih tiranija, uključujući Mugabeov režim u Zimbabveu.[10] Veliki deo njegovog pisanja bavi se „ugnjetavačkom čizma i nebitnosšću boje stopala koja je nosi“.[8] Tokom režima generala Sanija Abače (1993–98),[11] Sojinka je pobegao iz Nigerije na motociklu preko „NADECO rute“. Abača je kasnije proglasio smrtnu kaznu protiv njega „u odsustvu“.[8] Sa civilnom vlašću vraćenom u Nigeriju 1999. godine, Sojinka se vratio svojoj naciji. Sojinka je decembra 2020. opisao 2020. godinu kao najizazovniju godinu u istoriji nacije. On je rekao: „Uz turbulencije koje su karakterisale 2020. i kako se aktivnosti smanjuju, raspoloženje je bilo odvratno i veoma negativno. Ne želim da zvučim pesimistično, ali ovo je jedna od najpesimističnijih godina koje sam poznavao u ovoj zemlji i to nije bilo samo zbog COVID-19. Prirodne katastrofe su se dešavale negde drugde, ali kako ste uspeli da držite korak s njima?"[12]
U Nigeriji, Sojinka je bio profesor komparativne književnosti (1975. do 1999.) na Univerzitetu Obafemi Avolovo, koji se tada zvao Univerzitet Ife.[13] Kada je civilna vlast vraćena u Nigeriju 1999. godine, postao je profesor emeritus.[9] Dok je bio u Sjedinjenim Državama, prvo je predavao na Univerzitetu Kornel kao Goldvin Smitov profesor za afričke studije i pozorišnu umetnost od 1988. do 1991,[14][15] a zatim na Univerzitetu Emori, gde je 1996. godine imenovan za Roberta V. Vudrafovog profesora umetnosti. Sojinka je bio profesor kreativnog pisanja na Univerzitetu Nevade, Las Vegas, i radio je kao stipendista na Institutu za afroamerička pitanja NYU i na Univerzitetu Lojola Marimount u Los Anđelesu, Kalifornija.[9][16] Takođe je predavao na univerzitetima u Oksfordu, Harvardu i Jejlu.[17][18] Sojinka je takođe bio istaknuti stipendista na Univerzitetu Djuk 2008. godine.[19]
U decembru 2017, Soiinka je nagrađena Evropskom pozorišnom nagradom u kategoriji „Specijalna nagrada“[20][21] koja se dodeljuje stvaraocu koji je „doprineo realizaciji kulturnih događaja koji promovišu razumevanje i razmenu znanja među ljudima”.[22]"[23]
Radovi
[uredi | uredi izvor]Drame
- Keffi's Birthday Treat (1954)
- The Invention (1957)
- The Swamp Dwellers (1958)
- A Quality of Violence (1959)[24]
- The Lion and the Jewel (1959)
- The Trials of Brother Jero (1960)
- A Dance of the Forests (1960)
- My Father's Burden (1960)
- The Strong Breed (1964)
- Before the Blackout (1964)
- Kongi's Harvest (1964)
- The Road (1965)
- Madmen and Specialists (1970)
- The Bacchae of Euripides (1973)
- Camwood on the Leaves (1973)
- Jero's Metamorphosis (1973)
- Death and the King's Horseman (1975)
- Opera Wonyosi (1977)
- Requiem for a Futurologist (1983)
- A Play of Giants (1984)
- Childe Internationale (1987)[25][26]
- From Zia with Love (1992)
- The Detainee (radio play)
- A Scourge of Hyacinths (radio play)
- The Beatification of Area Boy (1996)
- Document of Identity (radio play, 1999)
- King Baabu (2001)
- Etiki Revu Wetin
- Alapata Apata (2011)
- "Thus Spake Orunmila" (short piece; in Sixty-Six Books (2011)[27]
Romani
- The Interpreters (1965)
- Season of Anomy (1972)
- Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth (Bookcraft, Nigeria; Bloomsbury, UK; Pantheon, US, 2021)[28]
Kratke priče
- A Tale of Two (1958)
- Egbe's Sworn Enemy (1960)
- Madame Etienne's Establishment (1960)
Memorari
- The Man Died: Prison Notes (1972)
- Aké: The Years of Childhood (1981)
- Ibadan: The Penkelemes Years: a memoir 1945–1965 (1989)
- Ìsarà: A Voyage around Essay (1989)
- You Must Set Forth at Dawn (2006)
Zbirke poezije
- Telephone Conversation (1963) (appeared in Modern Poetry in Africa)
- Idanre and other poems (1967)
- A Big Airplane Crashed into The Earth (original title Poems from Prison) (1969)
- A Shuttle in the Crypt (1971)
- Ogun Abibiman (1976)
- Mandela's Earth and other poems (1988)
- Early Poems (1997)
- Samarkand and Other Markets I Have Known (2002)
Eseji
- "Towards a True Theater" (1962)
- Culture in Transition (1963)
- Neo-Tarzanism: The Poetics of Pseudo-Transition
- A Voice That Would Not Be Silenced
- Art, Dialogue, and Outrage: Essays on Literature and Culture (1988)
- From Drama and the African World View (1976)
- Myth, Literature, and the African World (1976)[29]
- The Blackman and the Veil (1990)[30]
- The Credo of Being and Nothingness (1991)
- The Burden of Memory – The Muse of Forgiveness (1999)
- A Climate of Fear (the BBC Reith Lectures 2004, audio and transcripts)
- New Imperialism (2009)[31]
- Of Africa (2012)[32][33]
- Beyond Aesthetics: Use, Abuse, and Dissonance in African Art Traditions (2019)
Filmovi
- Kongi's Harvest
- Culture in Transition
- Blues for a Prodigal
Prevodi
- The Forest of a Thousand Demons: A Hunter’s Saga (1968; a translation of D. O. Fagunwa's Ògbójú Ọdẹ nínú Igbó Irúnmalẹ̀)
- In the Forest of Olodumare (2010; a translation of D. O. Fagunwa's Igbo Olodumare)
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ Tyler Wasson; Gert H. Brieger (1. 1. 1987). Nobel Prize Winners: An H.W. Wilson Biographical Dictionary, Volume 1. The University of Michigan, US. str. 993. ISBN 9780824207564. Pristupljeno 4. 12. 2014.
- ^ „The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986 Wole Soyinka”. The Nobel Prize. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2013.
- ^ Abiy Ahmed (9. 12. 2019). „Africa's Nobel Prize winners: A list”. www.aljazeera.com. Pristupljeno 27. 5. 2020.
- ^ „Wole Soyinka: 'This book is my gift to Nigeria'”. the Guardian (na jeziku: engleski). 2021-09-25. Pristupljeno 2022-02-27.
- ^ „The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986”. NobelPrize.org (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 18. 4. 2019.
- ^ Wole Soyinka (2000) [1981]. Aké: The Years of Childhood. Nigeria: Methuen. str. 1. ISBN 9780413751904. Pristupljeno 8. 2. 2019.
- ^ „NIGERIA”. www.hubert-herald.nl. Pristupljeno 2022-03-08.
- ^ a b v Maya Jaggi (2. 11. 2002). „Ousting monsters”. The Guardian (na jeziku: engleski). ISSN 0261-3077. Pristupljeno 4. 10. 2016.
- ^ a b v Theresia de Vroom, "The Many Dimensions of Wole Soyinka" Arhivirano 5 jun 2013 na sajtu Wayback Machine, Vistas, Loyola Marymount University. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ^ Soyinka, Wole (2017). „The Critic and Society: Barthes, Leftocracy, and Other Mythologies”. African American Review. 50 (4): 635—648. ISSN 1945-6182. S2CID 165943714. doi:10.1353/afa.2017.0113.
- ^ „Sani Abacha | Nigerian military leader | Britannica”. www.britannica.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2022-03-08.
- ^ „No one's in charge of Nigeria — Soyinka”. Vanguard News (na jeziku: engleski). 2020-12-11. Pristupljeno 2021-02-08.
- ^ „Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife » Brief History of the University”. www.oauife.edu.ng. Arhivirano iz originala 15. 12. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 4. 10. 2016.
- ^ James Gibbs. „Soyinka, Wole 1934–”. Encyclopedia.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 27. 9. 2021. (Updated by Tanure Ojaide.)
- ^ https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/25283/019_37.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Šablon:Bare URL PDF
- ^ "Nobel Laureate Soyinka at NYU for Events in October", News Release, NYU, 16 September 2016.
- ^ „Profile of Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka” (PDF). The University of Alberta. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2013.
- ^ Jacquie Posey (18. 11. 2004). „Nigerian Writer, Nobel Laureate Wole Soyinka to Speak at Penn”. The University of Pennsylvania. Arhivirano iz originala 13. 1. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 10. 12. 2013.
- ^ „Soyinka on Stage | Nobel laureate works with student production of his play”. Duke Magazine (na jeziku: engleski) (January–February 2011). 31. 1. 2011. Pristupljeno 18. 4. 2021.
- ^ „Wole Soyinka Wins The Europe Theatre Prize”. PM NEWS Nigeria (na jeziku: engleski). 12. 12. 2017. Pristupljeno 24. 12. 2017.
- ^ „Soyinka Wins 2017 Europe Theatre Prize”. Concise News (na jeziku: engleski). 15. 12. 2017. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 12. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 24. 12. 2017.
- ^ „The Nobel Prize in Literature 1986”. NobelPrize.org (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2022-03-05.
- ^ „Wole Soyinka to receive Europe Theatre Prize 2017”. James Murua's Literature Blog (na jeziku: engleski). 14. 12. 2017. Arhivirano iz originala 07. 08. 2022. g. Pristupljeno 24. 12. 2017.
- ^ „Wole Soyinka”. Writer's History. Arhivirano iz originala 4. 12. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 28. 11. 2014.
- ^ Adie Vanessa Offiong (23. 8. 2015). „Soyinka's 'Childe Internationale' for stage in Abuja”. DailyTrust. Arhivirano iz originala 27. 03. 2017. g. Pristupljeno 31. 05. 2022.
- ^ James Gibbs; Bernth Lindfors (1993). Research on Wole Soyinka (Comparative studies in African/Caribbean literature series). Africa World Press. str. 67. ISBN 978-0-865-4321-92.
- ^ "Sixty-Six Books, One Hundred Artists, One New Theatre", Bush Theatre, October 2011.
- ^ Alison Flood, "Wole Soyinka to publish first novel in almost 50 years", The Guardian (London), 28 October 2020.
- ^ Thomas Cassirer; Wole Soyinka (1978). „Myth, Literature and the African World by Wole Soyinka. Review”. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. Boston University African Studies Center. 11 (4): 755—757. JSTOR 217214. doi:10.2307/217214.
- ^ Wole Soyinka (1993). The Blackman and the Veil: A Century on; And, Beyond the Berlin Wall: Lectures Delivered by Wole Soyinka on 31 August and 1 September 1990. SEDCO. ISBN 978-9964-72-121-3. Pristupljeno 28. 11. 2014.
- ^ New Imperialism By Wole Soyinka. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. 2009. ISBN 978-9987-08-055-7. Arhivirano iz originala 5. 12. 2014. g. Pristupljeno 28. 11. 2014.
- ^ Wole Soyinka (novembar 2012). Of Africa. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300-14-046-0.
- ^ Adam Hochschild (22. 11. 2012). „Assessing Africa – 'Of Africa,' by Wole Soyinka”. The New York Times. Pristupljeno 28. 11. 2014.
Literatura
[uredi | uredi izvor]- James Gibbs (1980). Critical Perspective on Wole Soyinka (Critical Perspectives). Three Continents Press. ISBN 978-0-914478-49-2.
- James Gibbs (1986). Wole Soyinka. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN 9780333305287.
- Eldred Jones (1987). The Writing of Wole Soyinka. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435080-21-1.
- M. Rajeshwar (1990). Novels of Wole Soyinka. Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. ISBN 978-8-185218-21-2.
- Derek Wright (1996). Wole Soyinka: Life, Work, and Criticism. York Press. ISBN 978-1-896761-01-5.
- Gerd Meuer (2008). Journeys around and with Kongi - half a century on the road with Wole Soyinka: a pan-afropean or pan-eurafrican book. Reche. ISBN 978-3-929566-73-4.
- Bankole Olayebi (2004), WS: A Life in Full, Bookcraft; biography of Soyinka.
- Ilori, Oluwakemi Atanda (2016), The Theatre of Wole Soyinka: Inside the Liminal World of Myth, Ritual and Postcoloniality. PhD thesis, University of Leeds.
- Mpalive-Hangson Msiska (2007). Postcolonial Identity in Wole Soyinka. ISBN 978-9042022584. (Cross/Cultures 93). Amsterdam-New York, NY: Editions Rodopi B.V.
- Yemi D. Ogunyemi (2009). The Literary/Political Philosophy of Wole Soyinka. ISBN 1-60836-463-1. (PublishAmerica).
- Yemi D. Ogunyemi (2017). The Aesthetic and Moral Art of Wole Soyinka. ISBN 978-1-68053-034-6. (Academica Press, London-Washington).
- Carpenter, Charles A. (1981). „Studies of Wole Soyinka's Drama: An International Bibliography”. Modern Drama. 24: 96—101. doi:10.1353/mdr.1981.0042..
Spoljašnje veze
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Vole Sojinka, sve što ste želeli da saznate o njemu.
- Wole Soyinka papers, 1966–1996. Houghton Library, Harvard University.
- "Wole Soyinka" Profile, Presidential Lectures, Stanford University
- Maya Jaggi, "Profile: Ousting monsters", The Guardian, 2 November 2002
- Uchenna Izundu, "Inspiring Nigeria's political dawns", BBC, September 2007.
- Amy Goodman, "Legendary Nigerian Writer Wole Soyinka: Darfur Crisis 'A Blot on the Conscience of the World'", Democracy Now!, 18 April 2006.
- Amy Goodman, "Legendary Nigerian Writer Wole Soyinka on Oil in the Niger Delta, the Effect of Iraq on Africa and His New Memoir", Democracy Now!, 18/19 April 2006.
- Dave Gilson, "Wole Soyinka: Running to Stand Still", Mother Jones, July/August 2006.
- Paul Brians, "Study guide for The Lion and the Jewel, The Trials of Brother Jero, and Madmen and Specialists", Washington State University.
- "The Climate of Fear", Soyinka's Reith Lectures, BBC, 2004.
- Uzor Maxim Uzoatu, " The Essential Soyinka", African Writing Online, No. 7.
- "Wole Soyinka - Ake: The Years of Childhood", World Book Club, BBC World Service, 29 May 2007.
- Martin Banham, "Wole Soyinka: an appreciation", Leeds African Studies Bulletin, 45 (November 1986), pp. 1–2.