Acetilkarnitin

Acetilkarnitin
IUPAC ime
	(R)-3-acetiloksi-4-trimetilamono-butanoat
Klinički podaci
Drugs.com	Internacionalno ime leka
Identifikatori
CAS broj	3040-38-8
ATC kod	N06BX12 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 7045767
ChemSpider	5406074
UNII	6DH1W9VH8Q
ChEBI	CHEBI:57589
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1697733
Hemijski podaci
Formula	C9H17NO4
Molarna masa	203,236
	SMILES [O-]C(=O)C[C@@H](OC(=O)C)C[N+](C)(C)C; ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H17NO4/c1-7(11)14-8(5-9(12)13)6-10(2,3)4/h8H,5-6H2,1-4H3/t8-/m1/s1 ; Key:RDHQFKQIGNGIED-MRVPVSSYSA-N ;

Acetil-L-karnitin (ALCAR) je acetilisana forma L-karnitina. On je dijetarni suplement i prirodno se javlja u biljkama i životinjama.^[1]

Biohemijsko formiranje i dejstvo

ALCAR je acetilisani derivat L-karnitina. Tokom napornog vežbanja, veliki deo L-karnitina i neiskorišćenog acetil-CoA se konvertuje do ALCAR i CoA unutar mitohondrija posredstvom karnitin O-acetiltransferaze.^[2] ALCAR se transportuje izvan mitohondrija gde se konvertuje u dva konstituenta. L-karnitin se reciklira nazad u mitohondrije gde se koristi u metabolizmu masnih kiselina.^[3]^[4] Višak acetil-CoA ima za posledicu da se ugljeni hidrati u većoj meri koriste za energiju tokom vežbanja nego masne kiseline. Do toga dolazi putem različitih mehanizama unutar i izvan mitohondrija. ALCAR transport umanjuje koncentraciju acetil-CoA unutar mitohondrija.^[5]^[6] Glukozni metabolizam se povećava administracijom bilo ALCAR^[7] ili L-karnitina.^[8] Deo L-karnitina se konvertuje kod ljudi u ALCAR nakon unosa hrane.^[9]

Reference

^ „L'acétyl-L-carnitine et la L-carnitine”. CATIE - La source canadienne de renseignements sur le VIH et l'hépatite C (на језику: француски). 27. 7. 2021. Архивирано из оригинала 20. 01. 2022. г. Приступљено 20. 1. 2022.
^ Zeyner A, Harmeyer J (1999). „Metabolic functions of L-carnitine and its effects as feed additive in horses. A review”. Archiv Für Tierernährung. 52 (2): 115—38. PMID 10548966.
^ Longnus SL, Wambolt RB, Barr RL, Lopaschuk GD, Allard MF (2001). „Regulation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation by substrate supply”. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 281 (4): H1561—7. PMID 11557544. ^{[мртва веза]}
^ Lysiak W, Lilly K, DiLisa F, Toth PP, Bieber LL (1988). „Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (3): 1151—6. PMID 3335535.
^ Kiens, B. (2006). „Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in exercise and insulin resistance”. Physiological Reviews. 86 (1): 205—43. PMID 16371598. doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004.
^ Lopaschuk GD, Gamble J (1994). „The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart”. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 72 (10): 1101—9. PMID 7882173.
^ Giancaterini, A.; De Gaetano A; Mingrone, G. (2000). „Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 49 (6): 704—8. PMID 10877193. doi:10.1053/meta.2000.6250.
^ Mingrone, G.; Greco, A. V.; Capristo, E. (1999). „L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 18 (1): 77—82. PMID 10067662. ^{[мртва веза]}
^ Cao Y, Wang YX, Liu CJ, Wang LX, Han ZW, Wang CB (2009). „Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers”. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 32 (1): E13—9. PMID 19178874.

Literatura

Jane Higdon, "L-Carnitine", Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University
Carnitine (L-carnitine), University of Maryland Medical Center

Molimo Vas, obratite pažnju na važno upozorenje
u vezi sa temama iz oblasti medicine (zdravlja).

[1] „L'acétyl-L-carnitine et la L-carnitine”. CATIE - La source canadienne de renseignements sur le VIH et l'hépatite C (на језику: француски). 27. 7. 2021. Архивирано из оригинала 20. 01. 2022. г. Приступљено 20. 1. 2022.

[2] Zeyner A, Harmeyer J (1999). „Metabolic functions of L-carnitine and its effects as feed additive in horses. A review”. Archiv Für Tierernährung. 52 (2): 115—38. PMID 10548966.

[3] Longnus SL, Wambolt RB, Barr RL, Lopaschuk GD, Allard MF (2001). „Regulation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation by substrate supply”. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 281 (4): H1561—7. PMID 11557544. ^{[мртва веза]}

[4] Lysiak W, Lilly K, DiLisa F, Toth PP, Bieber LL (1988). „Quantitation of the effect of L-carnitine on the levels of acid-soluble short-chain acyl-CoA and CoASH in rat heart and liver mitochondria”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (3): 1151—6. PMID 3335535.

[5] Kiens, B. (2006). „Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in exercise and insulin resistance”. Physiological Reviews. 86 (1): 205—43. PMID 16371598. doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2004.

[6] Lopaschuk GD, Gamble J (1994). „The 1993 Merck Frosst Award. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart”. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 72 (10): 1101—9. PMID 7882173.

[7] Giancaterini, A.; De Gaetano A; Mingrone, G. (2000). „Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 49 (6): 704—8. PMID 10877193. doi:10.1053/meta.2000.6250.

[8] Mingrone, G.; Greco, A. V.; Capristo, E. (1999). „L-carnitine improves glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients”. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 18 (1): 77—82. PMID 10067662. ^{[мртва веза]}

[9] Cao Y, Wang YX, Liu CJ, Wang LX, Han ZW, Wang CB (2009). „Comparison of pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine after single oral administration of L-carnitine in healthy volunteers”. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 32 (1): E13—9. PMID 19178874.

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