Nils Bor

Nils Bor
Nils Bor
Lični podaci
Datum rođenja	(1885-10-07)7. oktobar 1885.
Mesto rođenja	Kopenhagen, Danska
Datum smrti	18. novembar 1962.(1962-11-18) (77 god.)
Mesto smrti	Kopenhagen, Danska
Obrazovanje	Univerzitet u Kopenhagenu, Triniti koledž
Naučni rad
Polje	fizika
Poznat po	Kopenhagenska interpretacija Borov model Zomerfeld-Borova teorija
Nagrade	Nobelova nagrada za fiziku (1922) Medalja Frenklin (1926)
Potpis

Nils Henrik Dejvid Bor (dan. Niels Henrik David Bohr; Kopenhagen, 7. oktobar 1885 — Kopenhagen, 18. novembar 1962) bio je danski fizičar. Jedan je od najistaknutijih naučnika 20. veka. Začetnik je savremene atomistike.

Završio je univerzitet i doktorirao u Kopenhagenu, a zatim je 1911. godine otišao u Mančester. Tamo je sa Ernestom Raderfordom izučavao strukturu atoma. Posle pet godina rada u Engleskoj, vraća se u Kopenhagen i postaje direktor danskog Instituta za teorijsku fiziku. Godine 1922. dobio je Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku. Potom je niz godina izučavao nuklearnu fiziku, a od 1939. godine posebno je proučavao uran.

Kada su 1940. godine Nemci okupirali Dansku, Bor je izbegao u SAD gde je učestvovao u istraživanjima koja su kasnije omogućila izradu prve nuklearne bombe.

Po završetku Drugog svetskog rata, Bor se vratio u Kopenhagen gde je izabran za predsednika Danske akademije nauka. Zauzimao se za ograničenje nuklearnog naoružanja i zabranu korišćenja atomskih bombi.

Doprinosi fizici

• Model atoma
• Princip korespondencije
• Kopenhagenska interpretacija kvantne mehanike.
• Princip komplementarnosti: pojava može biti posebno analizirana kao da ima nekoliko kontradiktornih osobina na primer, talasno-čestični dualizam.

Bibliografija

Teorija spektra i atomska konstitucija (Drei Aufsätze über Spektren und Atombau), 1922

• Bohr, Niels (1922). The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution; three essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 
• —— (2008). Nielsen, J. Rud, ur. Volume 1: Early Work (1905–1911). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Hoyer, Ulrich, ur. Volume 2: Work on Atomic Physics (1912–1917). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Nielsen, J. Rud, ur. Volume 3: The Correspondence Principle (1918–1923). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Nielsen, J. Rud, ur. Volume 4: The Periodic System (1920–1923). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Stolzenburg, Klaus, ur. Volume 5: The Emergence of Quantum Mechanics (mainly 1924–1926). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Kalckar, Jørgen, ur. Volume 6: Foundations of Quantum Physics I (1926–1932). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Kalckar, Jørgen, ur. Volume 7: Foundations of Quantum Physics I (1933–1958). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Thorsen, Jens, ur. Volume 8: The Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter (1912–1954). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Peierls, Rudolf, ur. Volume 9: Nuclear Physics (1929–1952). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Favrholdt, David, ur. Volume 10: Complementarity Beyond Physics (1928–1962). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Aaserud, Finn, ur. Volume 11: The Political Arena (1934–1961). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Aaserud, Finn, ur. Volume 12: Popularization and People (1911–1962). Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 
• —— (2008). Aaserud, Finn, ur. Volume 13: Cumulative Subject Index. Niels Bohr Collected Works. Amsterdam: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53286-2. OCLC 272382249. 

Literatura

• Aaserud, Finn (2006). Kokowski, M., ur. Niels Bohr's Mission for an 'Open World' (PDF). Proceedings of the 2nd ICESHS. Cracow. str. 706—709. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 02. 09. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 26. 6. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Aaserud, Finn; Heilbron, J. L. (2013). Love, Literature and the Quantum Atom: Niels Bohr's 1913 Trilogy Revisited. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968028-3. 
• Bohr, Niels (1985) [1922]. „Nobel Prize Lecture: The Structure of the Atom (excerpts)”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 91–97. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Bohr, Niels (1985) [1949]. „The Bohr-Einstein Dialogue”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 121–140. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
  • Excerpted from: Bohr, Niels (1949). „Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics”. Ur.: Schilpp, Paul Arthur. Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. Evanston, Illinois: Library of Living Philosophers. str. 208—241. 
• Cockroft, John D. (1. 11. 1963). „Niels Henrik David Bohr. 1885–1962”. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 9 (10): 36—53. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1963.0002 . CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Favrholdt, David (1992). Niels Bohr's Philosophical Background. Copenhagen: Munksgaard. ISBN 978-87-7304-228-1. 
• Faye, January (1991). Niels Bohr: His Heritage and Legacy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7923-1294-9. 
• Gowing, Margaret (1985). „Niels Bohr and Nuclear Weapons”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 266–277. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Heilbron, John L. (1985). „Bohr's First Theories of the Atom”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 33–49. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Heisenberg, Elisabeth (1984). Inner Exile: Recollections of a Life With Werner Heisenberg. Boston: Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-3146-8. 
• Hilberg, Raul (1961). The Destruction of the European Jews. 2. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09557-9. 
• Honner, John (mart 1982). „The Transcendental Philosophy of Niels Bohr”. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A. 13 (1): 1—29. ISSN 0039-3681. doi:10.1016/0039-3681(82)90002-4. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Hund, Friedrich (1985). „Bohr, Göttingen, and Quantum Mechanics”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 71–75. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Jammer, Max (1989). The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. Los Angeles: Tomash Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88318-617-6. OCLC 19517065. 
• Jones, R . V. (1978). Most Secret War. London: Hamilton. ISBN 978-0-241-89746-1. OCLC 3717534. 
• Jones, R. V. (1985). „Meetings in Wartime and After”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 278–287. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Kennedy, P. J. (1985). „A Short Biography”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 3–15. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Kieler, Jørgen (2007). Resistance Fighter: A Personal History of the Danish Resistance. Translated from the Danish by Eric Dickens. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 978-965-229-397-8. 
• Kragh, Helge (1985). „The Theory of the Periodic System”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 50–67. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Kragh, Helge (2012). Niels Bohr and the quantum atom: the Bohr model of atomic structure, 1913–1925. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-965498-7. OCLC 769989390. 
• Medawar, Jean; Pyke, David (2001). Hitler's Gift: The True Story of the Scientists Expelled by the Nazi Regime. New York: Arcade Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55970-564-6. 
• MacKinnon, Edward (1985). „Bohr on the Foundations of Quantum Theory”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 101–120. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• McEvoy, Paul (2001). Niels Bohr: Reflections on Subject and Object. Theory of interacting systems. 1. San Francisco: Microanalytix. ISBN 978-1-930832-00-8. OCLC 937100259. 
• Pais, Abraham (1991). Niels Bohr's Times, In Physics, Philosophy and Polity. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-852049-8. 
• Powers, Thomas (1993). Heisenberg's War: The Secret History of the German Bomb. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-316-71623-9. 
• Rhodes, Richard (1986). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-44133-3. 
• Richardson, W. Mark; Wildman, Wesley J., ur. (1996). Religion and Science: History, Method, Dialogue. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-91667-7. 
• Rife, Patricia (1999). Lise Meitner and the Dawn of the Nuclear Age. Boston: Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-3732-3. 
• Rozental, Stefan (1967). Niels Bohr: His Life and Work as Seen by his Friends and Colleagues. Amsterdam: North-Holland. ISBN 978-0-444-86977-7. Previously published by John Wiley & Sons in 1964. 
• Stadtler, Bea; Morrison, David Beal; Martin, David Stone (1995). The Holocaust: A History of Courage and Resistance. West Orange, New Jersey: Behrman House. ISBN 978-0-87441-578-0. 
• Stewart, Melville Y. (2010). Science and Religion in Dialogue, Two Volume Set. Maiden, Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8921-7. 
• Stuewer, Roger H. (1985). „Niels Bohr and Nuclear Physics”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 197–220. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• Thirsk, Ian (2006). De Havilland Mosquito: An Illustrated History, Volume 2. Manchester: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-85979-115-1. 
• The Conferences at Quebec 1944. Foreign Relations of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1972. OCLC 631921397. 
• Wheeler, John A. (1985). „Physics in Copenhagen in 1934 and 1935”. Ur.: French, A. P.; Kennedy, P. J. Niels Bohr: A Centenary Volume. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. str. 221–226. ISBN 978-0-674-62415-3. 
• The Coins and Banknotes of Denmark (PDF). Danmarks Nationalbank. 2005. ISBN 978-87-87251-55-6. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 23. 5. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 7. 9. 2010. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Aaserud, Finn (februar 2002). „Release of documents relating to 1941 Bohr-Heisenberg meeting”. Niels Bohr Archive. Arhivirano iz originala 21. 10. 2012. g. Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Blaedel, Niels (1988). Harmony and Unity: The Life of Niels Bohr. Madison, Wisconsin: Science Tech. ISBN 978-0-910239-14-1. OCLC 17411890. 
• Feilden, Tom (3. 2. 2010). „The Gunfighter's Dilemma”. news.bbc.co.uk. Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza) Bohr's researches on reaction times.
• Moore, Ruth (1966). Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science, and the World They Changed. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0-262-63101-3. OCLC 712016. 
• Ottaviani, Jim; Purvis, Leland (2004). Suspended in Language: Niels Bohr's Life, Discoveries, and the Century He Shaped. Ann Arbor, Michigan: G.T. Labs. ISBN 978-0-9660106-5-7. OCLC 55739245. 
• Frayn, Michael (2000). Copenhagen. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0-413-72490-8. OCLC 44467534. 
• Segrè, Gino (2007). Faust in Copenhagen: A Struggle for the Soul of Physics. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03858-9. OCLC 76416691. 
• Vilhjálmsson, Vilhjálmur Örn; Blüdnikow, Bent (2006). „Rescue, Expulsion, and Collaboration: Denmark's Difficulties with its World War II Past”. Jewish Political Studies Review. 18: 3—4. ISSN 0792-335X. Pristupljeno 29. 6. 2011. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)

Spoljašnje veze

• Arhiva Nilsa Bora
• Nobelova fondacija: Nils Bor
• O Nilsu Boru
• Niels Bohr Archive
• „The Bohr-Heisenberg meeting in September 1941”. American Institute of Physics. Arhivirano iz originala 04. 07. 2011. g. Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• „Resources for Frayn's Copenhagen: Niels Bohr”. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Pristupljeno 9. 10. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• „Oral History interview transcript with Niels Bohr 31 October 1962”. American Institute of Physics. Pristupljeno 2. 3. 2013. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• „Video – Niels Bohr (1962) : Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge”. Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. Pristupljeno 9. 7. 2014. CS1 održavanje: Format datuma (veza)
• Author profile in the database zbMATH
• Nils Bor na sajtu Projekat Gutenberg (jezik: engleski)
• Nils Bor na sajtu IMDb (jezik: engleski) 
• Novinski isečci na temu Nils Bor u Novinskim arhivama 20. veka Nemačke nacionalne biblioteke ekonomije (ZBW)
• Nils Bor na sajtu Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1922 The Structure of the Atom