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Melanokortinski 4 receptor

С Википедије, слободне енциклопедије
Melanokortin 4 receptor
Identifikatori
Simboli MC4R; MGC126851; MGC138197
Vanjski ID OMIM155541 MGI99457 HomoloGene4320 IUPHAR: MC4 GeneCards: MC4R Gene
Pregled RNK izražavanja
podaci
Ortolozi
Vrsta Čovek Miš
Entrez 4160 17202
Ensembl ENSG00000166603 ENSMUSG00000047259
UniProt P32245 Q49NR1
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005912 NM_016977
RefSeq (protein) NP_005903 NP_058673
Lokacija (UCSC) Chr 18:
56.19 - 56.19 Mb
Chr 18:
66.98 - 66.99 Mb
PubMed pretraga [1] [2]

Melanokortin receptor 4 je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran MC4R genom.[1][2][3] Ova gen kodira MC4 protein, G-protein spregnuti receptor koji vezuje α-melanocit stimulišući hormon (α-MSH). U modelima na glodarima za MC4 receptore je bilo ustanovljeno da učestvuju u ishrani, regulaciji metabolizma, seksualnom ponašanju, i muškoj erektilnoj funkciji[4][5][6]

1998 godine je bilo objavljeno da su MC4R mutacije vezane za naslednu gojaznost kod ljudi. One su nađene kod heterozigota, što sugestira autozomni dominantni nasledni trend. Međutim, na bazi drugih istraživanja i opažanja, te mutacije izgleda da imaju delimičnu penetrantnost i određeni stupanj kodominantnosti. Njihova zastupljenost od 1-2.5% kod ljudi sa BMI većim od 30, čini ih najzastupljenijim među poznatim genetskim defektima koji predispozicioniraju ljude ka gojaznosti.[7]

Za melanokortin 4 receptor je bilo pokazano da interaguje sa proopiomelanokortinom.[8][9]

Klinički značaj

[уреди | уреди извор]

2009 godine su sprovedene dve veoma velike BMI asocijacione studije koje su obuhvatale celokupni genom. One su potvrdile asocijaciju varijanti sa oko 150 kilo baza nizvodno od MC4R gena sa otpornošću na insulin, gojažnošću i drugim antropometrijskim odlikama.[10][11][12][13]

  1. ^ Magenis RE, Smith L, Nadeau JH, Johnson KR, Mountjoy KG, Cone RD (1994). „Mapping of the ACTH, MSH, and neural (MC3 and MC4) melanocortin receptors in the mouse and human”. Mamm Genome. 5 (8): 503—8. PMID 7949735. doi:10.1007/BF00369320. 
  2. ^ Sundaramurthy D, Campbell DA, Leek JP, Markham AF, Pieri LF (1998). „Assignment of the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene to human chromosome band 18q22 by in situ hybridisation and radiation hybrid mapping”. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 82 (1-2): 97—8. PMID 9763669. doi:10.1159/000015074. 
  3. ^ „Entrez Gene: MC4R melanocortin 4 receptor”. 
  4. ^ Fan W, Boston BA, Kesterson RA, Hruby VJ, Cone RD (1997). „Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome”. Nature. 385 (6612): 165—168. PMID 8990120. doi:10.1038/385165a0. 
  5. ^ Huszar D, Lynch CA, Fairchild-Huntress V, Dunmore JH, Fang Q, Berkemeier LR, Gu W, Kesterson RA, Boston BA, Cone RD, Smith FJ, Campfield LA, Burn P, Lee F (1997). „Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice”. Cell. 88 (1): 131—141. PMID 9019399. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81865-6. 
  6. ^ Van der Ploeg LH, Martin WJ, Howard AD, Nargund RP, Austin CP, Guan X, Drisko J, Cashen D, Sebhat I, Patchett AA, Figueroa DJ, DiLella AG, Connolly BM, Weinberg DH, Tan CP, Palyha OC, Pong SS, MacNeil T, Rosenblum C, Vongs A, Tang R, Yu H, Sailer AW, Fong TM, Huang C, Tota MR, Chang RS, Stearns R, Tamvakopoulos C, Christ G, Drazen DL, Spar BD, Nelson RJ, MacIntyre DE (2002). „A role for the melanocortin 4 receptor in sexual function”. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99 (17): 11381—11386. PMC 123265Слободан приступ. PMID 12172010. doi:10.1073/pnas.172378699. 
  7. ^ Farooqi S, O'Rahilly S (2006). „Genetics of obesity in humans”. Endocrine Reviews. 27 (7): 710—718. PMID 17122358. doi:10.1210/er.2006-0040. 
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  9. ^ Yang, Y K; Ollmann M M; et al. (1997). „Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action”. Mol. Endocrinol. UNITED STATES. 11 (3): 274—80. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 9058374. doi:10.1210/me.11.3.274. 
  10. ^ Chambers JC; Elliott P; Zabaneh D; et al. (2008). „Common genetic variation near MC4R is associated with waist circumference and insulin resistance.”. Nat. Genet. 40 (6): 716—18. PMID 18454146. doi:10.1038/ng.156. 
  11. ^ Loos RJ; Lindgren CM; Li S; Wheeler E; et al. (2008). „Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity.”. Nat. Genet. 40 (6): 768—75. PMC 2669167Слободан приступ. PMID 18454148. doi:10.1038/ng.140. 
  12. ^ Thorleifsson G; Walters GB; Gudbjartsson DF; et al. (2009). „Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity.”. Nat. Genet. 41 (1): 18—24. PMID 19079260. doi:10.1038/ng.274. 
  13. ^ Willer CJ; Speliotes EK; Loos RJ; et al. (2009). „Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation.”. Nat. Genet. 41 (1): 24—34. PMC 2695662Слободан приступ. PMID 19079261. doi:10.1038/ng.287. 
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  • „Melanocortin Receptors: MC4. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Архивирано из оригинала 03. 03. 2016. г.