Doktrina
Doktrina (lat. doctrina) je učenje ili sistem učenja, teorija, nešto što je logički utemeljeno i razrađeno učenje o prirodi i svetu, teološko, filozofsko ili naučno učenje. Takođe princip, pozicija, ili politika koja se zagovara i uči, kao što to rade vlade ili religije. Nauka, skup mišljenja neke naučne filozofske škole, ideologije, pokreta. Sistem dogmi jedne crkve.
Doktrinarstvo je slepo pristajanje uz neko nekritičko učenje, pseudonaučnu tezu ili teoriju, odnosno stav i stavovi koji ne odgovaraju stvarnosti ili se zasnivaju na nekritičkom stavu. Osoba koja fanatično i nekritički zastupa i brani određene teorije ili učenja bez obzira na njihovu održivost i protivrečnost činjenicama, stvarnosti, razumu i kritičkom argumentu, zove se „doktrinar.”
Religijska upotreba[uredi | uredi izvor]
Primeri verskih doktrina uključuju:
- hrišćanska teologija:
- Doktrine kao što su Trojstvo, devičanski porođaj i [[atonement in Christianity[|pomirenje]]
- Priručnik doktrine Vojske spasa[1]
- Transupstancijacija i marijanska učenja u rimokatoličkoj teologiji. Odeljenje Rimske kurije koje se bavi pitanjima doktrine naziva se Kongregacija za doktrinu vere.[2][3]
- Karakteristična kalvinistička doktrina „dvostrukog” predodređenja
- Metodistička crkva Velike Britanije poziva se na „doktrine kojima su se zavetovali propovednici Metodističke crkve“ kao na doktrinalne standarde[4]
- Druga hrišćanska doktrina
- Juga u hinduizmu
- Postulacija ili Sjadvada u džainizmu
- Četiri plemenite istine u budizmu
Mera religioznosti[uredi | uredi izvor]
Prema sociologu Mervinu Verbitu, doktrina se može shvatiti kao jedna od ključnih komponenti religioznosti. On deli doktrinu u četiri kategorije: sadržaj, učestalost (stepen do kojeg može zaokupiti um osobe), intenzitet i centralnost. Svaki od njih može varirati od jedne religije do druge, i unutar date religijske tradicije.[5][6][7]
U tom smislu, doktrina je slična dimenziji religioznosti „verovanja“ Čarlsa Gloka.[8][9]
Vojna upotreba[uredi | uredi izvor]
Termin se takođe odnosi na koncept uspostavljene procedure za složenu operaciju u ratu. Tipičan primer je taktička doktrina u kojoj se standardni set manevara, vrsta trupa i oružja koristi kao podrazumevani pristup vrsti napada.
Primeri vojnih doktrina uključuju:
- Krstarički rat
- Taktika udari i beži
- Mahanijan od kraja 19. do sredine 20. veka
- Doktrina lova na ljude, ili osigurano individualno uništenje
- Reganova doktrina Hladnog rata
- Šok i strahopoštovanje
- Sovjetska duboka bitka Drugog svetskog rata
- Rovovsko ratovanje Prvog svetskog rata
Skoro svaka vojna organizacija ima svoju doktrinu, nekad pisanu, nekad nepisanu. Neke vojne doktrine se prenose kroz programe obuke. U skorije vreme, u modernim mirovnim operacijama, koje uključuju i civilne i vojne operacije, sada se pojavljuju sveobuhvatnije (ne samo vojne) doktrine, kao što je „Kapstonska doktrina“ mirovnih operacija Ujedinjenih nacija iz 2008.[10] koja govori o integrisanim civilnim i vojnim operacijama.
Politička upotreba[uredi | uredi izvor]
Po definiciji, politička doktrina je „politika, pozicija ili princip koji se zastupa, poučava ili sprovodi u vezi sa sticanjem i primenom moći upravljanja ili administracije u društvu.“ [11] Termin politička doktrina se ponekad pogrešno poistovećuje sa političkom ideologijom. Međutim, doktrini nedostaje akcioni aspekt ideologije. To je uglavnom teorijski diskurs, koji se „odnosi na koherentan set tvrdnji o tome šta bi određena tema trebalo da bude“ (Bernard Krik). Politička doktrina se zasniva na racionalno razrađenom skupu vrednosti, koje mogu prethoditi formiranju političkog identiteta per se. Bavi se filozofskim orijentacijama na metateorijskom nivou.[12]
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
- ^ Salvation Army International Theological Council (2010). Handbook of Doctrine. London: Salvation Books. ISBN 978-0-85412-822-8.
- ^ „Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Roman Catholic Church) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia”. Britannica.com. Pristupljeno 2013-03-07.
- ^ „Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith”. Ewtn.com. Arhivirano iz originala 11. 07. 2018. g. Pristupljeno 07. 03. 2013.
- ^ „Doctrine of the Methodist Church”. Pristupljeno 25 may 2018. Proverite vrednost paramet(a)ra za datum:
|access-date=(pomoć) - ^ Verbit, M. F. (1970). The components and dimensions of religious behavior: Toward a reconceptualization of religiosity. American mosaic, 24, 39.
- ^ Küçükcan, T. (2010). Multidimensional Approach to Religion: a way of looking at religious phenomena. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 4(10), 60–70.
- ^ „Microsoft Word - M-26.doc” (PDF). Pristupljeno 2018-09-24.
- ^ Glock, Charles Y. (01. 06. 1972). „On the Study of Religious Commitment”. Ur.: Faulkner, Joseph E. Religion’s Influence in Contemporary Society: Readings in the Sociology of Religion. Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co. str. 39 (of 38-56). ISBN 978-0675091053.
- ^ Glock, Charles Y. (jul 1962). „Religious Education: On the Study of Religious Commitment”. University of Georgia Libraries. Survey Research Center, University of California, Berkeley. str. 98—110 (Volume 57, Issue 4). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 27. 09. 2020. g.
- ^ „Peacekeeping Resource Hub” (PDF). pbpu.unlb.org. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) 19. 8. 2008. g. Pristupljeno 27. 3. 2018.
- ^ „Political doctrine (definition)”. Eionet.europa.eu. 20. 07. 2012. Pristupljeno 2013-03-07.
- ^ Dr. Daniel Șandru. „Ideology, Between the Concept and the Political Reality”. The Knowledge Based Society Project. Sfera Politicii nr. 169. Arhivirano iz originala 24. 04. 2018. g. Pristupljeno 10. 3. 2013.
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Spoljašnje veze[uredi | uredi izvor]
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